References
Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a fountain of youth? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3147–51.
Labrie F. Intracrinology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 78: C113–8.
Barrou Z, Charru P, Lidy C. Dehydroepiandrosterone and aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1997; 24: 233–41.
Ceresini G, Morganti S, Rebecchi I, et al. Evaluation of the circadian profiles of serum dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol and cortisol/DHEA molar ratio after a single oral administration of DHEA in elderly subjects. Metabolism 2000; 49: 548–51.
Dhatariya KK, Nair KS. Dehydroepiandrosterone: is there a role for replacement? Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78: 1257–73.
Yen SS. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and longevity: new clues for an old friend. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 8167–9.
Valenti G. Adrenopause: an imbalance between dehydroepiandrosterone and cortisol secretion. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25: 29–35.
References
Bruder JM, Sobek L, Oettel M. Dehydroepiandrosterone stimulates the estrogen response element. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 62: 461–6.
Gatto V, Aragno M, Gallo M, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits the growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma via the androgen receptor. G Oncol Rep 1998; 5: 241–3.
Williams MR, Ling S, Dawood T, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation independent of ARs and ERs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 176–81.
Kawai S, Yahata N, Nishida S, Nagai K, Mizushima Y. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits B 16 mouse melanoma cell growth by induction of differentiation. Anticancer Res 1995; 15: 427–31.
Meikle AW, Dorchuck RW, Araneo BA, et al. The presence of a dehydroepiandrosterone-specific receptor binding complex in murine T cells. Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 42: 293–304.
Okabe T, Haji M, Takayanagi R, et al. Up-regulation of high-affinity dehydroepiandrosterone binding activity by dehydroepiandrosterone in activated human T lymphocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2993–6.
McLachlan JA, Serkin CD, Bakouche O. Dehydroepiandrosterone modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocyte cytotoxicity. J Immunol 1996; 156: 328–35.
Liu D, Dillon JS. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates endothelial celI nitric-oxide synthase by a specific plasma membrane receptor coupled to G alpha (i2,3). J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 21379–88.
Majewska MD. Neurosteroids: endogenous bimodal modulations of the GABAA receptor mechanism of action and physiological significance. Neurobiol 1992; 38: 379.
Sousa A, Ticku MK. Interaction of the neurosteroid DHEA-S with the GABAA receptor complex reveals that it may act via the picrotoxin site. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282: 827–33.
Demirgoren S, Majewska MD, Spivak CE, London ED. Receptor binding and electrophysiological effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, an antagonist of the GABAA receptor. Neuroscience 1991; 45: 127–35.
Monnet FP, Mahe V, Robel P, Baulieu EE. Neurosteroids, via J receptors, modulate the (3H) norepinephrine elease evoked by N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rat hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 3774–8.
Saccò M, Valenti G, Corvi Mora P, Wu FC, Ray DW. DHEA, a selective glucocorticoid receptor antagonist: its role in immune system regulation and metabolism. J Endocrinol Invest 2002; 25 (Suppl 10): 81–2.
Dworkin CR, Gorman SD, Pashko LL, Cristofalo VJ, Schwartz AG. Inhibition of growth of HeLa and WI-38 cells by dehydroepiandrosterone and its reversal by riboand deoxyribonucleosides. Life Sci 1986; 38: 1451–7.
Blauer K, Poth Mrogers WM, Bemton EW. Dehydroepiandrosterone antagonizes the suppressive effects of dexamethasone on lymphocyte proliferation. Endocrinology 1991; 129: 3174–79.
May M, Holmes E, Rogers W, Poth M. Protection from glucocorticoid-induced thymic involution by dehydroepiandrosterone. Life Sci 1990; 46: 1627–31.
Hernandez-Pando, De la Luz Streber M, Orozco H, et al. The effects of androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the course and cytokine profile of tuberculosis in BALB/c mice. Immunology 1998; 95: 234–41.
Daynes RA, Araneo BA. Contrasting effect of glucocorticoids on the capacity of T cells to produce the growth factors IL-2 and IL-4. Eur J Immunol 1989; 19: 2319–25.
References
Ricos C, Arbos MA. Quality goals for hormone testing. Ann Clin Biochem 1990; 27: 353–8.
Granger DA, Schwartz EB, Booth A, Curran M. Assessing dehydroepiandrosterone in saliva: a simple radioimmunoassay for use in studies of children, adolescent and adults. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1999; 24: 567–97.
Orentreich N, Brind JL, Reizer RL, Volgeman JH. Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations through adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 59: 551–5.
Mazat L, Lafont S, Berr C, et al. Prospective measurements of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in a cohort of elderly subjects: relationship to gender, subjective heath, smoking habits, and 10-year mortality. Prot Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 8145–50.
Tannenbaum C, Barret-Connor E, Laughlin GA, Platt RW. A longitudinal study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) change in older men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151: 717–25.
Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Candas B. Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C 19 sex steroid precursor and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2396–402.
References
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement doses of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–7.
Casson PR, Faquin LC, Stentz FB, et al. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone enhances T-lymphocyte insulin binding in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 1027–31.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsh K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulin-like growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a sixmonth trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–10.
Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J, Kirshbaum C. Effects of a two-week physiological dehydroepiandrosterone substitution on cognitive performance and well-being in healthy elderly women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2363–7.
Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, Kirshbaum C. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in elderly men on event-related potentials, memory and well-being. J Gerontol 1998; 53: M385–90.
Wolf OT, Kudielka BM, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J, Kirshbaum C. Opposing effects of DHEA replacement in elderly subjects on declarative memory and attention after exposure to a laboratory stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998; 23: 617–29.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Barnhart KT, Freeman E, Grisso JA, et al. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation to symptomatic perimenopausal women on serum endocrine profiles, lipid parameters, and health-related quality of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3896–902.
Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, Allen S, Krause G. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1527–33.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
Van Nierkerk JK, Huppert FA, Herbert J. Salivary cortisol and DHEA: association with measures of cognition and well-being in normal older men, and effect of three months of DHEA supplementation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001; 26: 591–612.
Artl W, Callies F, Koheler I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4686–92.
Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145: 457–61.
Kahn AJ, Halloran B. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and bone turnover in middle-aged to elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:1544–9.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men. A randomized controlled study. JAMA 2004; 292: 2243–8.
Eccles M, Freemantle N, Mason J. North of England Evidence-based Guidelines development project: methods of developing guidelines for efficient drug use in primary care. BMJ 1998; 316: 1232–5.
References
Schantz LM, Talalay P, Gordon GB. Mechanism of inhibition of growth of 3t3-L1 fibroblasts and their differentiation to adipocytes by dehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids: role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86: 3852–56.
Tsuji K, Furutama D, Tagami M, Ohsawa N. Specific binding and effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) on skeletal muscle cells: possible implication for DHEA-S replacement therapy in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Life Science 1999; 65: 17–26.
Cleary MP, Seidenstat R, Tannen RH, Schwartz AG. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on adipose tissue cellularity in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1982; 171: 276–84.
Yen TT, Allan JA, Pearson DV, Acton JM. Prevention of obesity in Avy/a mice by dehydroepiandrosterone. Lipids 1977; 12: 409–13.
Tagliaferro AR, Davis JR, Truchon S, Van Hamont N. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone acetate on metabolism, body weight and composition of male and female rats. J Nutr 1986; 116: 1977–83.
De Pergola G, Giagulli VA, Garuti G, et al. Low dehydroepiandrosterone circulating levels in pre-menopausal women with very high body mass index. Metabolism 1991; 40: 187–90.
Wild RA, Umstot ES, Andersen RN, Ranney GB, Givens JR. Androgen parameters and their correlation with body weight in one hundred thirty eight women thought to have hyperandrogenism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 40: 187–90.
Mazza E, Maccario M, Ramunni J, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in women. Relationship with age, body mass index and insulin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 1999; 22: 681–7.
Abbasi A, Duthie EH jr, Sheldahl L, et al. Association of DHEA sulfate, body composition and physical fitness in independent community-dwelling older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46: 391–2.
Williams DP, Boyden TW, Pamenter RW, Lohman TG, Going SB. Relationship of body fat percentage and fat distribution with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in premenopausal females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 77: 80–5.
Barrett-Connor E, Khaw KT, Yen SSC. A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, mortality and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 1519–24.
Herrantz L, Megia A, Grande C, Gonzalez-Gancedo P, Pallardo F. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, body fat distribution and insulin in obese men. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19: 57–60.
Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, obesity, waist-hip ratio, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes in postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 59–64.
Denti L, Pasolini G, Sanfelici L, et al. Effects of aging on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in relation to fasting insulin levels and body composition assessed by bioimpedance analysis. Metabolism 1997; 46: 826–32.
Kostka T, Arsac LM, Patricot MC, Berthouze SE, Lacour JR, Bonnefoy M. Leg extensor power and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, insulin-like growth factor-I and testosterone in healthy active elderly people. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 82: 83–90.
Valenti G, Denti L, Maggio M, et al. Age affects the relationship between DHEAS and muscle mass and strength: the InChianti study. J Gerontol 2004; 59/A: 466–72.
Nestler JE, Barlascini CO, Clore JN, Blackard WG. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low-density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 57–61.
Usiskin KS, Butterworth S, Clore JN, et al. Lack of effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in obese men. Int J Obes 1990: 14: 457–63.
Mortola JF, Yen SSC. The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 696–704.
Callies F, Fassnacht M, Van Vlijmen JC, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency: effects on body composition, serum leptin, bone turnover and exercise capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1968–72.
Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison’s disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4650–6.
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement doses of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–67.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsh K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulin-like growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a sixmonth trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–10.
Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, Allen S, Krause G. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1527–33.
Arlt W, Callies F, Koehler I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of Dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4686–92.
Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145: 457–61.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men. A randomized controlled study. JAMA 2004; 292: 2243–8.
References
Turner RT, Lifrak ET, Beckner M, Wakley JK, Hannon KS, Parker LN. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces cancellous bone osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. Am J Physiol 1990; 250: E673–7.
Higdon K, Scott A, Tucci M, et al. The use of estrogen, DHEA, and diosgenin in a sustained delivery setting as a novel treatment approach for osteoporosis in the ovariectomized adult rat model. Biomed Sci Instr 2001; 37: 281–6.
Luo S, Souria A, Labrie C, Belanger A, Labrie F. Combined effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and EM-800 on bone mass, serum lipids, and the development of dimethylbenz(a)anthraceneinduced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Endocrinology 1997; 138: 4435–44.
Chiu KM, Keller ET, Crenshaw TD, Gravenstein S. Carnitine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate induce protein synthesis in porcine primary osteoblast-like cells. Calcif Tissue Int 1999; 64: 527–33.
Kasperk C, Helmboldt A, Borcsok J, Heuthe S, Cloos O, Niethard F. Skeletal site-dependent expression of the androgen receptor in human osteoblastic cell populations. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; 61: 464–73.
Fujikawa H, Okura F, Kuwano Y, et al. Steroid sulfatase activity in osteoblast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 231: 42–7.
Martel C, Sourla A, Pelletier G, et al. Predominant androgenic component in the stimulatory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on bone mineral density in the rat. J Endocrinol 1998; 157: 433–42.
Wild RA, Buchanan JR, Myers C, Demers LM. Declining adrenal androgens: an association with bone loss in aging women. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1987; 186: 355–60.
Nawata H, Yanase T, Goto K, Okabe T, Ashida K. Mechanism of action of anti-aging DHEA-S and the replacement of DHEA-S. Mech Ageing Dev 2002; 123: 1101–6.
Nordin BE, Robertson A, Seamark RF, et al. The relation between calcium absorption, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, and the vertebral mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 60: 651–7.
Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Edelstein SL. A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and bone mineral density in older men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 201–6.
Gennari L, Merlotti D, Martini G, et al. Longitudinal association between sex hormone levels, bone loss, and bone turnover in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 5327–33.
Van Vollenhoven RF, Park JL, Genovese MC, West JP, McGuire JL. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of dehydroepiandrosterone in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1999; 8: 181–7.
Sun Y, Mao M, Sun L, Feng Y, Yang J, Shen P. Treatment of osteoporosis in men using dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Chin Med J 2002; 115: 402–4.
Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison’s disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4650–6.
Callies F, Fassnacht M, Van Vlijmen JC, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency: effects on body composition, serum leptin, bone turnover and exercise capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1968–72.
Casson PR, Faquin LC, Stentz FB, et al. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone enhances T-lymphocyte insulin binding in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 1027–31.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
Arlt W, Callies F, Koehler I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4686–92.
Kahn AJ, Halloran B. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and bone turnover in middle-aged to elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1544–9.
Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Candas B. Effect of 12 month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal woman. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 3498–505.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000; 53: 561–8.
References
Gordon GB, Bush DE, Weisman HF. Reduction of atherosclerosis by administration of dehydroepiandrosterone. A study in the hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbit with aortic intimal injury. J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 712–20.
Eich DM, Nestler JE, Johnson DE, et al. Inhibition of accelerated coronary atherosclerosis with dehydroepiandrosterone in the heterotopic rabbit model of cardiac transplantation. Circulation 1993; 87: 261–9.
Arad Y, Badimon JJ, Badimon L, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone feeding prevents aortic fatty streak formation and cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed rabbit. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9: 159–66.
Alexandersen P, Haarbo J, Byrjalsen I, et al. Natural androgens inhibit male atherosclerosis. A study in castrated, cholesterol-fed rabbits. Circ Res 1999; 84: 813–9.
Kurzman ID, MacEwen EG, Haffa AL. Reduction in body weight and cholesterol in spontaneously obese dogs by dehydroepiandrosterone. Int J Obes 1990; 14: 95–104.
Deleon MJ, Horani MH, Haas MJ, et al. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on rat apolipoprotein AI gene expression in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Metabolism 2002; 51: 376–9.
Nestler JE, Barlascini CO, Clore JN, Blackard WG. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 57–61.
Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate does not predict cardiovascular death in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Circulation 1995; 91: 1757–60.
Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. The epidemiology of DHEAS and cardiovascular disease. Ann NY Acad Sci USA 1995; 774: 259–70.
Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 807–11.
Hautanen A, Manttari M, Manninen V, et al. Gemfibrozil treatment is associated with elevated adrenal androgen, androstanediol glucuronide and cortisol levels in dyslipidemic men. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994; 51: 307–13.
Kiechl S, Willeit J, Bonora E, et al. No association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and development of atherosclerosis in a prospective population study (Bruneck Study). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1094–100.
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SSC. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–67.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, et al. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsch K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulinlike growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a six-month trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–10.
Barnhart KT, Freeman E, Grisso JA, et al. The effect of deydroepiandrosterone supplementation to symptomatic perimenopausal women on serum endocrine profiles, lipid parameters, and health-related quality of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3896–902.
Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1527–33.
Arlt W, Callies F, Koehler I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4686–92.
Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145: 457–61.
Vigna GB, Donegà P, Zanca R, et al. Simvastatin, transdermal patch and oral estrogen-progestogen preparation in early-postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Metabolism 2002; 51: 1463–70.
Valenti G, Bossoni S, Giustina A, et al. for the GISEG. Consensus document on substitution therapy with testosterone in hy-poandrogenic elderly men. Aging Clin Exp Res 2002; 14: 439–64.
References
Dillon JS, Yaney GC, Zhou Y, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and beta-cell function: enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion and altered gene expression in rodent pancreatic J3-ce11s. Diabetes 2000; 40: 2012–20.
Ishizuka T, Kajita K, Miura A, et al. DHEA improves glucose uptake via activations of protein kinase C and phosphatidyl inositoI3-kinase. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: E196–204.
De Pergola G. The adipose tissue metabolism: role of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24: S59–63.
Nakashima N, Haji M, Sakai Y, Ono Y, Umeda F, Nawata H. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on glucose uptake in cultured human fibroblasts. Metabolism 1995; 44: 543–8.
Sheperd A, Cleary MP. Metabolic alterations after dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in Zucker rats. Am J Physiol 1984; 246: E123–8.
Han DH, Hansen PA, Chen MM, Holloski JO. DHEA treatment reduces fat accumulation and protein against insulin resistance in male rats. J Gerontol 1998; 53: B19–24.
Cleary MP, Zabel T, Sartin JL. Effects of short-term dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment on serum and pancreatic insulin in Zucker rats. J Nutr 1988; 118: 382–7.
Muller S, Cleary MP. Glucose metabolism in isolated adipocytes from lean and obese Zucker rats following treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. Metabolism 1985; 34: 278–84.
Haffner SM, Karhapaa P, Mikkanen L, Laakso M. Insulin resistance, body fat distribution, and sex hormones in men. Diabetes 1994; 43: 212–9.
Haffner SM, Newcomb PA, Marcus PM, Klein BE, Klein R. Relation of hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4) to cardiovascular factors in postmenopausal women. 1995; 142: 925–34.
Denti L, Pasolini G, Sanfelici L, et al. Effects of aging on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in relation to fasting insulin levels and body composition assessed by Bioimpedance Analysis. Metabolism 1997; 7: 826–32.
Maccario M, Mazza E, Ramunni J, et al. Relatioship between dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal variables in a large cohort of obese women. Clin Endocrinol 1999; 50: 595–600.
Lee CC, Kasa-Vubu JZ, Supiano MA. Androgenicity and obesity are independently associated with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women. Metabolism 2004; 53: 507–12.
Haffner SM, Valdez RA, Mikkanen L, Stern MP, Kats MS. Decreased testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations are associated with increased insulin and glucose concentrations in nondiabetic men. Metabolism 1994; 43: 599–603.
Paolisso G, Ammendola S, Rotondi M et al. Insulin resistance and advancing age: What role for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate? Metabolism 1997; 11: 1281–6.
Barrett-Connor E, Ferrara A. Dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, obesity, waist-hip-ratio, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in postmenopausal women: The Rancho Bernardo Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 59–64.
Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Beer RM. Effects of nitrendipine on glucose tolerance and serum insulin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in insulin-resistant obese and hypertensive men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 178–83.
Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Beer RM, et al. The calcium channel blocker amlodipine raises serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and androstenedione, but lowers serum cortisol in insulin-resistant obese and hypertensive men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 1464–9.
Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Beer RM. Disparate effects of insulin reduction with diltiazem on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in obese hypertensive men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 1077–81.
Nestler JE, Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ. Effects of insulin reduction with benfluorex on serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate and blood pressure in hypertensive middle-aged and elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 80: 700–6.
Usiskin KS, Butterworth S, Clore JN, et al. Lack of effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in obese men. Int J Obes 1990; 14: 457–63.
Nestler JE, Barlascini CO, Clore JN, Blackard WG. Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 57–61.
Schriock ED, Buffington CK, Givens JR, Buster JE. Enhanced post-receptor insulin effects in women following dehydroepiandrosterone infusion. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994; 1:74–8.
Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4650–6.
Callies F, Fassnacht M, Van Vlijmen JC, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency: effects on body composition, serum leptin, bone turnover and exercise capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1968–72.
Gebre-Medhin G, Husebye ES, Mallmin H, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison’s disease. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 52: 775–80.
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement doses of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–7.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Casson PR, Faquin LC, Stentz FB, et al. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone enhances T-lymphocyte insulin binding in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1995; 63: 1027–31.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsh K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulin-like growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a sixmonth trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–10.
Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, Allen S, Krause G. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1527–33.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145: 457–61.
Wolkowitz OM, Kramer JH, Reus VI, et al. DHEA treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2003; 60: 1071–6.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men. A randomized controlled study. JAMA 2004; 292: 2243–8.
Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Latrie F. Metabolic effects of 12-month percutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol 1996; 150 (Suppl): S43–50.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 53: 561–8.
Mortola J, Yen SSC. The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 696–704.
References
Arad Y, Badimon JJ, Badimon L, Hembree WC, Ginsberg HN. Dehydroepiandrosterone feeding prevents aortic fatty streak formation and cholesterol accumulation in cholesterol-fed rabbit. Arteriosclerosis 1989; 9: 159–66.
Gordon GB, Bush DE, Weisman HF. Reduction of atherosclerosis by administration of dehydroepiandrosterone: a study in the hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbit with aortic intimal injury. J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 712–20.
Feldman HA, Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Mohr BA, Longcope C, McKinlay JB. Low dehydroepiandrosterone and ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 79–89.
Barrett Connor E, Khaw KT. Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men: a prospective population-based study. Circulation 1988; 78: 539–45.
LaCroix AZ, Yano K, Reed DM. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, incidence of myocardial infarction and extent of atherosclerosis in men. Circulation 1992; 86: 1519–24.
Barrett Connor E, Khaw KT. Absence of an inverse relation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate with cardiovascular mortality in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 711.
Barrett Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. Dehydroepiandrosteronesulfate does not predict cardiovascular death in postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Circulation 1995; 91: 1757–60.
Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Zgliczynski S, Ciswicka-Sznajderman M. Decreased plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in young men after myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 1989; 79: 197–203.
Mitchell LE, Sprecher DL, Boreki JB, Rice T, Laskarezewski PM, Rao DC. Evidence for an association between dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and nonfatal, premature myocardial infarction in males. Circulation 1994; 89: 89–93.
Herrington DM, Gordon GB, Achuff SC, et al. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 862–70.
Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Makczewska B, Srzednicki M, et al. Hyperinsulinemia and decreased plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease. J Intern Med 1995; 237: 465–72.
Shafagoj Y, Opoku J, Qureshi D, Regelson W, Kalimi M. Dehydroepiandrosterone prevents dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol 1992; 263: E210–3.
Barbagallo M, Shan J, Pang PKT, Resnick LM. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on cellular calcium responsiveness and vascular contractility. Hypertension 1995; 26: 1065–9.
Haffner SM, Newcomb PA, Marcus PM, Klein BE, Klein R. Relation of sex hormones and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4) to cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142: 925–34.
Mantzoros CS, Georgiadis EI, Young R, et al. Relative androgenicity, blood pressure levels, and cardiovascular risk factors in young healthy women. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8: 606–14.
Khaw KT, Tazuke S, Barrett-Connor E. Cigarette smoking and levels of adrenal androgens in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1988; 318: 1705–9.
Johannes CB, Stellato RK, Feldman HA, Longcope C, McKinlay JB. Relation of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate with cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Women’s Health Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1999; 52: 95–103.
Schunkert H, Hense HW, Andus T, Riegger G, Straub RH. Relation between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and blood pressure levels in a population-based sample. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12: 1140–3.
Bama I, Feher T, de Chatel R. Relationship between blood pressure variability and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Am J Hypertens 1998; 11: 532–8.
Hakala SM, Tilvis RS. Determinants and significance of declining blood pressure in old age. A prospective birth cohort study. Eur Heart J 1998; 19: 1872–8.
Kiechl S, Willeit J, Bonora E, Schwarz S, Xu Q. No association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and development of atherosclerosis in a prospective population study (Bruneck Study). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1094–100.
Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate serum levels and common age-related diseases: results from a cross-sectional Italian study of a general elderly population. Exp Gerontol 2002; 37: 701–12.
Jesse RL, Loesser K, Eich DM, Qian YZ, Hess ML, Nestler JE. Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits human platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995; 774: 281–90.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
References
Corpechot C, Robel B, Axelson M, Sjovall J, Baulieu EE. Characterization and measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 78: 4704–7.
Compagnone NA, Mellon SH. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential signalling molecule for neocortical organization during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 4678–83.
Majewska MD, Demirgoren S, Spivak CE, London ED. The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an allosteric antagonist of the GABAA receptor. Brain Res 1990; 526: 143–6.
Dermirgoren S, Majewska MD, Spivak CE, London ED. Receptor binding and electrophysiological effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, an antagonist of the GABA receptor. Neuroscience 1991; 45: 127–35.
Abadie JM, Wright B, Correa G, Browne ES, Porter JR, Svec F. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone on neurotransmitter levels and appetite regulation of the obese Zucker rat: the Obesity Research Program. Diabetes 1993; 42: 662–9.
Kimonides VG, Spillantini MG, Sofroniew MV, Fawcett JW, Herbert J. Dehydroepiandrosterone antagonizes the neurotoxic effect of corticosterone and translocation of stress-activated protein kinase C in hippocampal primary cultures. Neuroscience 1999; 89: 429–36.
Kimonides VG, Khatibi NH, Svendsen CN, Sofroniew MV, Herbert J. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEAS) protect hippocampal neurons against excitatory aminoacid-induced neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95: 1852–7.
Bastianetto S, Ramassamy C, Poirier J, Quirion R. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) protects hippocampal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999; 66: 35–41.
Maurice T, Su TP, Privat A. Sigma1 (σ1) receptor agonists and neurosteroids attenuate B25-35-amyloid peptide-induced amnesia in mice through a common mechanism. Neuroscience 1998; 83: 413–28.
Berr C, Lafont S, Debuire B, Dartigues JF, Baulieu EE. Relationship of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, physiological and mental status, and short-term mortality: a French community-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 13410–5.
Cawood EH, Bancroft J. Steroid hormones, the menopause, sexuality and well-being of women. Psychol Med 1996; 26: 925–36.
Barrett Connor E, von Muhlen D, Laughlin GA, Kripke A. Endogenous levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, but not other sex hormones, are associated with depressed mood in older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47: 685–91.
Lovas K, Loge JH, Husebye ES. Subjective health status in Norwegian patients with Addison’s disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002; 56: 581–8.
Riedel M, Wiese A, Schurmeyer TH, Brabant G. Quality of life in patients with Addison’s disease: effects of different cortisol replacement models. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1993; 101: 106–11.
Nagesser SK, van Seters AP, Kievit J, Hermans J, Krans HM, van de Velde CJ. Long term results of total adrenalectomy for Cushing disease. World J Surg 2000; 24: 108–13.
Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison’s disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4650–6.
Arlt W, Callies F, Allolio B. DHEA replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency-pharmacokinetics, bioconversion and clinical effects on well-being, sexuality and cognition. Endocr Res 2000; 26: 505–11.
Johannsson G, Burman P, Wiren L, et al. Low dose dehydroepiandrosterone affects behaviour in hypopituitary andro-gen-deficient women: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2046–52.
Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Roberts E, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 31: 205–8.
Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Keebler A, et al. Double blind treatment of major depression with dehydroepiandrosterone. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 646–9.
Bloch M, Schmidt PJ, Danaceau MA, Adams LF, Rubinow DR. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of midlife dysthymia. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 1533–41.
Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, et al. Effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on bone density in young women with anorexia nervosa: a randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 4935–41.
Barrett-Connor E, Edelstein SR. A prospective study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cognitive function in an older population: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42: 420–3.
Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Stolk PP, et al. A prospective study on cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cognitive function in the elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3487–92.
Rudman D, Shetty KR, Mattson DE. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in nursing home men. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 421–7.
Nasman B, Olsson T, Backstrom T, et al. Serum dehy-droepiandrosterone sulfate in Alzheimer’s disease and in multi-in-farct dementia. Biol Psychiatry 1991; 30: 684–90.
Schneider LS, Hinsey M, Lyness S. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry 1992; 31: 05–8.
Rasmuson S, Nasman B, Carlstrom K, Olsson T. Increased levels of adrenocortical and gonadal hormones in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002; 13: 74–9.
Yanase T, Fukahori M, Taniguchi S, et al. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate in Alzheimer’s disease and cerebrovascular dementia. Endocr J 1996; 43: 119–23.
Friess E, Trachsel L, Guldner J, Schier T, Steiger A, Holsboer F. DHEA administration increases rapid eye movement sleep and EEG power in the sigma frequency range. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: E107–13.
Wagner U, Gais S, Born J. Emotional memory formation is enhanced across sleep intervals with high amount of rapid eye movement sleep. Learn Mem 2001; 8: 112–9.
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement doses of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–7.
Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, et al. Effects of a two week physiological dehydroepiandrosterone substitution on cognitive performance and well-being in healthy elderly women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2363–7.
Barnhart KT, Freeman E, Grisso JA, et al. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation to symptomatic perimenopausal women on serum endocrine profiles, lipid parameters, and health-related quality of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3896–9.
Arlt W, Callies F, Koehler I, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in healthy men with an age-related decline of dehydroepiandrosterone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4686–92.
Van Niekerk JK, Huppert FA, Herbert J. Salivary cortisol and DHEA: association with measures of cognition and well-being in normal older men, and effect of three months of DHEA supplementation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001; 26: 591–612.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, Kirshbaum C. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in elderly men on event-related potentials, memory and well-being. J Gerontol 1998; 53: M385–90.
Wolf OT, Kudielka BM, Hellhammer DH, Hellhammer J, Kirshbaum C. Opposing effects of DHEA replacement in elderly subjects on declarative memory and attention after exposure to a laboratory stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998; 23: 617–29.
Wolkowitz OM, Kramer JH, Reus VI, et al. DHEA treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2003; 60: 1071–6.
References
Khorram O, Vu L, Yen S. Activation of immune action by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in age advanced men. J Gerontol 1997; 1: M1–7.
Murr C, Haintz U, Asch E, et al. Association of increased neopterin production with decreased humoral immunity in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2003; 38: 583–7.
Oberbek R, Dahlweid M, Koch R, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone decreases mortality rate and improves cellular immune function during polymicrobial sepsis. Crit Care Med 2001; 29: 380–4.
Danenberg HD, Alpert G, Lustig S, Ben Nathan D. Dehydroepiandrosterone protects mice from endotoxin toxicicty and reduces tumor necrosis factor production. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 2275–9.
Daynes RA, Araneo BA. Natural regulators of T-cell lymphokine production in vivo. J Immunother 1992; 12: 174–9.
Mulder JW, Frissen PH, Krijnen P, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone as predictor for progression to AIDS in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. J Infect Dis 1992; 165: 413–8.
Beishuizen A, Thjis LG, Vermes I. Decreased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in severe critical illness: a sign of exhausted adrenal reserve? Critical Care 2002; 6: 434–8.
Ledochowski M, Murr C, Jager M, Fuchs D. Dehydroepiandrosterone, ageing and immune activation. Exp Gerontol 2001; 36: 1739–47.
Schwartz KE. Autoimmunity,dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and stress. J Adolesc Health 2002; 30: S37–43.
Straub RH, Scholmerich J, Zietz B. Replacement therapy with DHEA plus corticosteroids in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases-substitutes of adrenal and sex hormones. Z Rheumatol 2000; 59 (Suppl 2): 108–18.
Casson P, Andersen R, Herrod H, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone in physiologic doses modulates immune function in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 169: 1536–9.
Van Vollenhoven RF. Dehydroepiandrosterone for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Opin Pharmacother 2002; 3: 23–31.
Chang DM, Lan JL, Lin HY, Luo SF. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment of women with mild-to-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus: a multicenter randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 2924–7.
Petri MA, Lahita RG, VanVollenhoven RF, et al., GL601 Study Group. Effects of prasterone on corticosteroid requirements of women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 1820–9.
Degelau J, Guay D, Hallgren H. The effects of DHEAS on influenza vaccination in aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 747–51.
Evans T, Judd ME, Dowell T, Poe S, Daynes RA, Araneo B. The use of oral dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as an adjuvant in tetanus and influenza vaccination in elderly. Vaccine 1996; 16: 1531–7.
Danemberg H, Ben-Yehuda A, Zakay-Rones Z, Gross DJ, Friedman G. Dehydroepiandrosterone treatment is not beneficial to the immune response to influenza in elderly subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2911–4.
Ben-Yehuda A, Danemberg H, Zakay-Rones Z, Gross DJ, Friedman G. The influence of sequential annual vaccination and of DHEA administration on the efficacy of the immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev 1998; 102: 299–306.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsch K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulinlike growth factor-I and decreases high density lipoprotein: a six months trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–11.
References
Johannsson G, Burman P, Wiren L, et al. Low dose dehydroepiandrosterone affects behavior in hypopituitary androgendeficient women: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 2046–52.
Arlt W, Justl HG, Callies F, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone for adrenal androgen replacement: pharmacokinetics and peripheral conversion to androgens and estrogens in young healthy females after dexamethasone suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 1928–34.
Arlt W, Haas J, Callies F, et al. Biotransformation of oral dehydroepiandrosterone in elderly men: significant increase in circulating estrogens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2170–6.
Ebeling P, Koivisto VA. Physiological importance of dehydroepiandrosterone. Lancet 1994; 343: 1479–81.
Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SS. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1360–7.
Yen SS, Morales AJ, Khorram O. Replacement of DHEA in aging men and women. Potential remedial effects. Ann NY Acad Sci 1995; 774: 128–42.
Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Candas B. Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2403–9.
Casson PR, Straughn AB, Umstot ES, Abraham GE, Carson SA, Buster JE. Delivery of dehydroepiandrosterone to premenopausal women: effects of micronization and nonoral administration. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 174: 649–53.
Mortola JF, Yen SS. The effects of oral dehydroepiandrosterone on endocrine-metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 696–704.
Buster JE, Casson PR, Straughn AB, et al. Postmenopausal steroid replacement with micronized dehydroepiandrosterone: preliminary oral bioavailability and dose proportionality studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1163–8.
Young J, Couzinet B, Nahoul K, et al. Panhypopituitarism as a model to study the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 2578–85.
Hunt PJ, Gurnell EM, Huppert FA, et al. Improvement in mood and fatigue after dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in Addison’s disease in a randomized, double blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4650–6.
Arlt W, Callies F, van Vlijmen JC, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in women with adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1013–20.
Gebre-Medhin G, Husebye ES, Mallmin H, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy in women with Addison’s disease. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 52: 775–80.
Lovas K, Gebre-Medhin G, Trovik TS, et al. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone in adrenal failure: no benefit for subjective health status and sexuality in a 9-month, randomized, parallel group clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 1112–8.
Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Labrie F. Metabolic effects of 12-month percutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol 1996; 150: S43–50.
Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsch K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulinlike growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a six-month trial. Fertil Steril 1998; 70: 107–10.
Flynn MA, Weaver-Osterholtz D, Sharpe-Timms KL, Allen S, Krause G. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in aging humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1527–33.
Barnhart KT, Freeman E, Grisso JA, et al. The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation to symptomatic perimenopausal women on serum endocrine profiles, lipid parameters, and health-related quality of life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 3896–902.
Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SS. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol 1998; 49: 421–32.
Lasco A, Frisina N, Morabito N, et al. Metabolic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001; 145: 457–61.
Baulieu EE, Thomas G, Legrain S, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 4279–84.
Villareal DT, Holloszy JO, Kohrt WM. Effects of DHEA replacement on bone mineral density and body composition in elderly women and men. Clin Endocrinol 2000; 53: 561–8.
Sugumar A, Liu YC, Xia Q, Koh YS, Matsuo K. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein 3 and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer: a meta-analysis of literature. Int J Cancer 2004; 111: 293–7.
Stoll BA. Dietary supplements of dehydroepiandrosterone in relation to breast cancer risk. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999; 53: 771–5.
Dorgan JF, Longcope C, Stephenson HE Jr, et al. Serum sex hormone levels are related to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105: S583–5.
Labrie F, Luu-The V, Labrie C, et al. Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone. Endocr Rev 2003; 24: 152–82.
Algarte-Genin M, Cussenot O, Costa P. Prevention of prostate cancer by androgens: experimental paradox or clinical reality. Eur Urol 2004; 46: 285–95.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Valenti, G. Consensus Document on substitution therapy with DHEA in the elderly. Aging Clin Exp Res 18, 277–300 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324662
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324662