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Cerebrospinal fluid S-100 protein levels in neurological pathologies

Niveles de la proteína S-100 en líquido cefalorraquídeo de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas

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Abstract

The aim of this paper was to evaluate S-100 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with different neurological disorders, and in subjects with no proven neurological pathology, in order to study possible differences in their protein concentrations. The total number of patient-samples examined was 119 (58 males and 61 females; mean age 35 yrs, 1–79 yrs). Based on the final diagnoses, nine patient groups were studied: a control group, meningitis, acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), dementia, hydrocephalia, polyneuropathy-motor neuron disease, acute cerebral infarction (ACI), and patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. S-100 protein concentrations were measured by the Sangtec 100 two-site immunoradiometric assay. The highest S-100 levels in CSF were found in the dementia group, ACI group, bacterial-fungal and lymphocytic meningitis groups (Kruskal-Wallis test). The S-100 concentrations in these groups were significantly higher compared with the control group (Mann-WhitneyU test, p<0.05, p<0.01) and the multiple sclerosis group (p<0.05, p<0.01). No other significant differences were found between groups. Our results suggest that the high protein levels in CSF found in these pathologies may reflect the presence of brain damage. However, the levels need to be considered individually, as they depend on several factors, such as age, severity of brain damage or interval between the onset of brain damage and the taking of the sample.

Resumen

En el presente trabajo se evalúa la concentración de S-100 en líquido cefalorraquídeo de pacientes con diferentes enfermedades neurológicas y en sujetos sin evidencia de patología neurológica, con el objeto de estudiar posibles diferencias. Se estudian 119 (58 hombres y 61 mujeres; media de edad de 35 años, intervalo 1–79 años) que, según el diagnóstico final, se incluyen en nueve grupos de pacientes: grupo control, de meningitis, leucemia linfoide aguda, demencia, hidrocefalia, polineuropatía-patología de la motoneurona, infarto cerebral agudo y enfermos diagnosticados de esclerosis múltiple. Las concentraciones de la proteina S-100 se determinan mediante técnicas immunoradiométricas. Los niveles más elevados de S-100 se miden en el grupo de demencias, grupo con infarto cerebral y meningitis bacteriana y linfocitaria. Las concentraciones de dichos grupos muestran diferencias significativas al compararlas con las del grupo control y con las del grupo con esclerosis múltiple, no encontrándose otras diferencias significativas entre el resto de grupos. Nuestro resultados sugieren que los altos niveles encontrados en estas patologías pueden ser reflejo de la presencia de daño cerebral. Sin embargo, las concentraciones deben ser consideradas individualmente, ya que se ven afectadas por varios factores como la edad, la severidad del daño cerebral o el intervalo entre el comienzo de los síntomas y la toma de la muestra.

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Correspondence to M. Torres-Avisbal.

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Infante, J.R., Martínez, A., Ochoa, J. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid S-100 protein levels in neurological pathologies. J. Physiol. Biochem. 59, 255–261 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179882

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03179882

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