Abstract
To evaluate in detail the dose distribution during computed tomography (CT), a sheet roll CT dosimetry phantom (SRCT-P) with a radiochromic film (RF) was experimentally developed. The SRCT-P was made by rolling up a vinyl chloride sheet in a cylindrical shape to arbitrarily select the SRCT-P diameter, dose measurement position, and depth. The SRCT-P centre core consisted of a plastic hose in which a 10 mm acrylic bar with a RF was inserted. To determine the availability of the SRCT-P, the surface and centre doses (at a 5 mm radius) at each SRCT-P diameter (6–16 cm; every 2 cm) were measured. The ratios of the centre-to-surface doses (Dcentre/Dsurface) systematically increased, from 80 to 111%, for decreasing SRCT-P diameters, between 16 and 6 cm, respectively. The centre dose approached the surface dose as the SRCT-P diameter decreased. To use a RF for a CT dose measurement, further detailed research and analysis is necessary. However, this study has shown that a SRCT-P is useful and beneficial for the measurement of the dose distribution during a CT examination.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Miyazaki, O., Kitamura, M., Masaki, H., Nosaka, S., Miyasaka, M., Kashima, K., Okada, Y. and Tsutsumi, Y.,Current practice of pediatric MDCT in Japan: Survey results of demographics and age-based dose reduction, Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi, 65:216–223, 2005. (In Japanese)
Nishizawa, K., Matsumoto, M., Iwai, K. and Maruyama, T.,Survey of CT practice in Japan and collective effective dose estimation, Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi, 64:151–158, 2004. (In Japanese)
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. 2000 Report Volume 1. Sources, Annex D, Medical radiation exposure, Available at: www.unscear.org/docs/ zreports/annexd.pdf, (2007).
Cody, D.D.,AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: Topics in CT. Imaging Processing in CT, Radiographics, 22:1255–1268, 2002.
McNitt-Gray, M.F.,AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: Topics in CT. Radiation Dose in CT, Radiographics, 22:1541–1553, 2002.
Nickoloff, E.,Current adult and pediatric CT doses, Pediatr Radiol, 32:250–260, 2002.
Morgan, H.T.,Image quality improvement and dose reduction in CT pediatric imaging, Medicamundi, 46:16–21, 2002.
Nickoloff, E.L., Dutta, A.K. and Lu, Z.F.,Influence of phantom diameter, kVp and scan mode upon computed tomography dose index, Med Phys, 30:395–402, 2003.
Brenner, D., Elliston, C., Hall, E. and Berdon, W.,Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 176:289–295, 2001.
Nishitani, H., Yasutomo, M., Tominaga, M., Fukui, H. and Yagi, H.,Radiation exposure in radiological clinics radiation expousure in CT, Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi, 62:347–351, 2002. (In Japanese)
FDA Public Health Notification, Reducing Radiation Risk from Computed Tomography for Pediatric and Small Adult Patients, Available at: www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/110201-ct.html, (2001).
Boone, J.M., Geraghty, E.M., Seibert, J.A. and Wootton-Gorges, S. L.,Dose reduction in pediatric CT: A rational approach. Radiology, 228:352–360, 2003.
Kalra, M.K., Maher, M.M., Toth, T.L., Hamberg, L.M., Blake, M.A., Shepard, J.A. and Saini, S.,Strategies for CT radiation dose optimization, Radiology, 230:619–628, 2004.
Siegel, M.J., Schmidt, B., Bradley, D., Suess, C. and Hildebolt, C.,Radiation dose and image quality in pediatric CT: Effect of technical factors and phantom size and shape, Radiology, 233:515–522, 2004.
US FDA, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Title 21. Food and Drugs Subchapter J. Radiological Health Part 1020; Performance Standards for Ionizing Radiation Emitting Products, Sec. 21CFR1020.33. Computed tomography [CT] equipment, Available at: www.accessdata.fda.gov/ scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=1020.33, (2006).
CIRS Web site, CT Dose Phantom. Available at: www.cirsinc.com/pdfs/007cp.pdf, (2007).
Fluke Biomedical Corporation web site, Nested CT Dose Phantom Kit for Pediatric/Adult Head and Body: Model 76–424–4156. Available at: global.flukebiomedical.com/busen/ products/76–419–4150.htm?catalog_name=FlukeUnitedStates &Category=CTPHANT(FlukeProducts), (2007).
Capintec, Inc. web site, CT Phantoms: CT Head and Body Dose Phantoms.. Available at: www.capintec.com/pdf/ ctheadandbodyphantom.pdf, (2007).
International Specialty Products web site. Available at: www.ispcorp.com/products/dosimetry/content/gafchromic/ind ex.html, (2007).
Gorny, K.R., Leitzen, S.L., Bruesewitz, M.R., Kofler, J.M., Hangiandreou, N.J. and McCollough, C.H.,The calibration of experimental self-developing Gafchromic HXR film for the measurement of radiation dose in computed tomography, Med Phys, 32:1010–10016, 2005.
Butson, M.J., Cheung, T. and Yu, P.K.,Absorption spectra of irradiated XRCT radiochromic film, Phys Med Biol, 51:3099–3103, 2006.
Thomas, G., Chu, R.Y. and Rabe, F.,A study of GafChromic XR Type R film response with reflective-type densitometers and economical flatbed scanners, J Appl Clin Med Phys, 4:307–14, 2003.
Butson, M.J., Yu, P.K.N., Cheung, T. and Metcalfe, P.,Radiochromic film for medical radiation dosimetry, Materials Science and Engineering R, 41:61–120, 2003.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gotanda, R., Katsuda, T., Gotanda, T. et al. Computed tomography phantom for radiochromic film dosimetry. Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 30, 194–199 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03178426
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03178426