Skip to main content
Log in

High-field/high-frequency EPR spectrometer operating in pulsed and continuous-wave mode at 180 GHz

  • Published:
Applied Magnetic Resonance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer is reported, which has been developed to allow pulsed EPR experiments with high sensitivity and time resolution at a microwave (MW) frequency of 180 GHz (G-band) and wavelengths of approximately 1.6 mm. This corresponds to a magnetic field of about 6.4 T forg ≈ 2 signals. The “hybrid” system architecture combines components of quasioptical as well as conventional MW techniques, making it possible to achieve excellent spectrometer performance with respect to sensitivity and time resolution. Quasioptical MW components have been used to design an MW circulator allowing high sensitivity and low bias operation in the reflection mode. A miniaturized, closed-type cylindrical cavity provides a high sample filling factor and an adequate MW field strength (B1) enhancement and thus permits reasonably short MW pulses (60 ns for a π/2 pulse) even with a moderate MW input power (15 mW at the cavity). Commercial quartz capillaries (up to 0.5 mm internal diameter) can be used as sample holders for a broad range of applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grinberg O.Y., Dubinski A.A., Lebedev Y.S.: Russ. Chem. Rev.52, 850–865 (1983)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Lynch W.B., Earle K.A., Freed J.H.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.59, 1345–1351 (1988)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Muller F., Hopkins M.A., Coron N., Grynberg M., Brunei L.-C., Martinez G.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.60, 3681–3684 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Burghaus O., Rohrer M., Götzinger T., Plato M., Möbius K.: Meas. Sci. Technol.3, 765–774 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Fuchs M.R., Prisner T.F., Möbius K.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.70, 3681–3683 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hassan A.K., Pardi L.A., Krzystek J., Sienkiewicz A., Goy P., Rohrer M., Brunei L.-C.: J. Magn. Reson.142, 300–312 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Weber R.T., Disselhorst J.A.J.M., Prevo L.J., Schmidt J., Wenckebach W.T.: J. Magn. Reson.81, 129–144 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bresguenov A.Y., Dubinski A.A., Krimov V.N., Petrov Y.G., Poluetkov O.G., Lebedev Y.S.: Appl. Magn. Reson.2, 715–728 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Prisner T.F., Un S., Griffin R.G.: Isr. J. Chem.32, 357–363 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Prisner T.F., Rohrer M., Möbius K.: Appl. Magn. Reson.7, 167–183 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kutter C., Moll H.P., van Tol J., Zuckermann H., Maan J.C., Wyder P.: Phys. Rev. Lett.74, 2925–2928 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. van Dujin-Arnold A., Mol J., Verberk R., Schmidt J., Mokhov E.N., Baranov P.G.: Phys. Rev. B60, 15829–15847 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Barra A.-L., Debrunner P., Gatteschi D., Schulz C.E., Sessoli R.: Europhys. Lett.35, 133–138 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pilawa B., Kelemen M.T., Wanka S., Geisseimann A., Barra A.-L.: Europhys. Lett.43, 7–12 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hagen W.R.: Coord. Chem. Rev.190-192, 209–229 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gaffney B.J., Maguire B.C., Weber R.T., Maresch G.G.: Appl. Magn. Reson.16, 207–222 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Käss H., MacMillan F., Ludwig B., Prisner T.F.: J. Phys. Chem. B104, 5362–5371 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. van Gastel M., Canters G.W., Krupka H., Messerschmidt A., de Waal E.C., Warmerdam G.C.M., Groenen E.J.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.122, 2322–2328 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Rohrer M., Prisner T.F., Brügmann O., Käss H., Spoerner M., Wittinghofer A., Kalbitzer H.-R.: Biochemistry40, 1884–1889 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Burghaus O., Plato M., Rohrer M., Möbius K., MacMillan F., Lubitz W.: J. Phys. Chem.97, 7639–7647 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Prisner T.F., McDermott A.E., Un S., Norris J.R., Thurnauer M.C., Griffin R.G.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA90, 9485–9488 (1993)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Un S., Atta M., Fontecave M., Rutherford A.W.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.117, 10713–10719 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerfen G.J., Bellew B.F., Un S., Bellinger J.M., Stubbe J., Griffin R.G., Singel D.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.115, 6420–6421 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Dorlet P., Rutherford W.A., Un S.: Biochemistry39, 7826–7834 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Goldberg D.P., Telser J., Krzystek J., Montalban A.G., Brunei L.-C., Barrett G.M., Hoffman B.M.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.119, 8722–8723 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Prisner T.F. in: Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance (Warren W.S., ed.), vol. 20, pp. 245–299. San Diego: Academic Press 1997.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  27. Schweins T., Scheffzek K., Aßheuer R., Wittinghofer A.: J. Mol. Biol.266, 847–856 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Rohrer M., Plato M., MacMillan F., Grishin Y., Lubitz W., Möbius K.: J. Magn. Reson. A116, 59–66 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rohrer M., MacMillan F., Prisner T.F., Gardiner A.T., Möbius K., Lubitz W.: J. Phys. Chem. B102, 4648–4657 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Rohrer M., Gast P., Möbius K., Prisner T.F.: Chem. Phys. Lett.259, 523–530 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Prisner T., Rohrer M., MacMillan F.: Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.52, 279–313 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bloeß A., Möbius K., Prisner T.F.: J. Magn. Reson.134, 30–35 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Coremans J.W.A., Poluetkov O.G., Groenen E.J.J., Canters G.W., Nar H., Messerschmidt A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.119, 4726–4731 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Manikandan P., Carmieli R., Shane T., Kalb A.J., Godfarb D.: J. Am. Chem. Soc.122, 3488–3494 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Liang Z., Freed J.H.: J. Phys. Chem. B103, 6384–6396 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Bennati M., Gerfen G.J., Martinez G.V., Griffin R.G., Singel D.J., Millhauser G.L.: J. Magn. Reson.139, 281–286 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Barnes J.P., Liang Z., Mchaourab H.S., Freed J.H., Hubbell W.: Biophys. J.76, 3298–3306 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Steinhoff H.-J., Savitzky A., Wegener C., Pfeiffer M., Plato M., Möbius K.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta1457, 253–262 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Bennati M., Farrar C.T., Bryant J.A., Inati S.J., Weis V., Gerfen G.J., Riggs-Gelasco P., Stubbe J., Griffin R.G.: J. Magn. Reson.138, 232–243 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Rohrer M., Krzystek J., Williams V., Brunei L.-C.: Meas. Sci. Technol.10, 275–284 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Barnes J.P., Freed J.H.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.69, 3022–3027 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Smith G.M., Lesurf J.C.G., Mitchell R.H., Riedi P.C.: Rev. Sci. Instrum.69, 3924–3937 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Earle K., Freed J.H.: Appl. Magn. Reson.16, 247–272 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Moll H.P., Cutter C., van Tol J., Zuckerman H., Wyder P.: J. Magn. Reson.137, 46–58 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Poole C.P.: Electron Spin Resonance. New York: Wiley 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Millitech: Millimeter-Wave Products, product catalogue. Northampton, Mass.: Millitech 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Earle K.A., Budil D.E., Freed J.H. in: Advances in Magnetic and Optical Resonance (Warren W.S., ed.), vol. 19, pp. 253–323. New York: Academic Press 1996.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Feher G.: Bell Syst. Tech. J.36, 449–484 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Becerra L.R., Gerfen G.J., Bellew B.F., Bryant J.A., Hall D.A., Inati S.J., Weber R.T., Un S., Prisner T.F., McDermott A.E., Fishbein K.W., Kreischer K.E., Temkin R.J., Singel D.J., Griffin R.G.: J. Magn. Reson. A117, 28–40 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Shaw D.: Fourier Transform NMR Spectroscopy. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1976.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rohrer, M., Brügmann, O., Kinzer, B. et al. High-field/high-frequency EPR spectrometer operating in pulsed and continuous-wave mode at 180 GHz. Appl. Magn. Reson. 21, 257–274 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03162406

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03162406

Keywords

Navigation