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Affirmatieve hulpverlening aan homoseksuele mannen.

Enkele thema's

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Tijdschrift voor Psychotherapie

Abstract

Hulpverleners beschouwden homoseksualiteit decennialang als gestoord gedrag, zonder dat zij oog hadden voor de pathologiserende invloeden van zo'n visie. Evoluerende maatschappelijke denkbeelden en zeden creëerden echter een atmosfeer waarin homoseksualiteit als een normale variatie van de natuur beschouwd werd. Dit artikel bespreekt de uitloper van dit klimaat: het affirmatieve perspectief. Een aantal thema's dat in de desbetreffende literatuur centraal staat, wordt besproken. Eerst bekijken we nader wat dit perspectief inhoudt, vertrekkend vanuit de basisdefinitie van Maylon. Vervolgens nemen we attituden van hulpverleners over homoseksualiteit onder de loep. Een ander centraal thema is de matchingproblematiek, waarbij men tracht na te gaan of gelijkenissen (in casu in seksuele oriëntatie) tussen cliënt en hulpverlener leiden tot een beter therapeutisch resultaat. Ten slotte gaan we in op specifieke opleidingsbehoeften.

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Notes

  1. Onder ‘conversietherapie’ wordt het geheel van methoden en technieken verstaan dat erop gericht is de seksuele oriëntatie te wijzigen, met of zonder toestemming van de cliënt. De term mag niet verward worden met en is ongerelateerd aan het concept ‘conversiehysterie’.

  2. Aanvankelijk beperkte de affirmatieve beweging (die stelde dat homoseksualiteit ‘normaal’ was en dus geaccepteerd moest worden in psychotherapie) zich ertoe de argumenten te weerleggen van sommige klassieke analytici en gedragstherapeuten die een wijziging van de homoseksuele oriëntatie voorstonden. Niet-bevestigende en bevestigende houding stonden als twee tegengestelde polen tegenover elkaar.

  3. Het ging om de Rorschach, de Thematic Apperception Test en de Make a Picture Story Test (Rothblum, 2000).

  4. Van de respondenten zegt 38% in hun carrière zelfs meer dan 20 individuen ontmoet te hebben die homoseksueel waren (Garnets en anderen, 1991).

  5. Het geslacht van de cliënten werd in deze studie niet in de analyse betrokken, hoewel een positieve match op basis van geslacht (waarbij mannen mannelijke therapeuten en vrouwen vrouwelijke therapeuten meer steunend vinden) niet uitgesloten moet worden geacht.

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  1. www.psychotherapie.bsl.nl

    Dieter Hendrickx &  Germain Lietaer

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  1. Dieter Hendrickx
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  2. Germain Lietaer
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Correspondence to Dieter Hendrickx.

Additional information

Affirmative psychotherapy for homosexual men: Some themes

For decades counselors and therapists have regarded homosexuality as disturbed behavior, without taking this view's pathologizing influences into account. However, the evolution of social concepts and morals has created an atmosphere in which homosexuality was to be considered a normal variation of nature. This article deals with the tail end of this climate: the gay affirmative perspective. A number of central themes of the literature is discussed. First, we take a close look at this perspective, starting from Maylon's basic definition. Then we scrutinize counselors’ and therapists’ attitudes towards homosexuality. Another important theme is the matching issue: we explore the question whether similarities in the sexual orientation of client and therapist lead to a more efficient therapy outcome. Finally, we examine specific training needs.

Dieter Hendrickx is als klinisch psycholoog werkzaam bij het Centrum Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg Delta te Aarschot en is psychotherapeut in opleiding.

Ninovestraat 36, 9450 Haaltert, België

Prof.dr. Germain Lietaer is als gewoon hoogleraar verbonden aan de afdeling Psychotherapie en Dieptepsychologie van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Hij verzorgt er onderwijs en opleiding in de cliëntgericht-experiëntiële therapie en doet procesonderzoek in de psychotherapie.

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Hendrickx, D., Lietaer, G. Affirmatieve hulpverlening aan homoseksuele mannen.. PSIE 29, 177–187 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03062024

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