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Studies in Galerucinae

The internal anatomy ofGalerucella birmanica (Jacoby); Coleoptera, polyphaga, phytophaga, chrysomelidae, galerucinae

  • Published:
Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences

Summary

  1. 1.

    To the best of the author’s knowledge the Internal Anatomy of an Indian Galerucid beetle has not been attempted so far. As a matter of fact a search through the literature reveals that so far as the anatomical studies are concerned the entire family is very much neglected.

  2. 2.

    The arrangement of the Malpighian tubules differs in certain important respects from that described by Heymons and Luhmann inGalerucella viburni.

  3. 3.

    The distribution of tracheæ in the thoracic region support the recently put forward hypothesis of Keilin with regard to the position of the two thoracic spiracles in insects.

  4. 4.

    The stomatogastric nervous system is on the saltatorial orthopteran plan.

  5. 5.

    There are four testicular follicles and the entire testis occupies a median position.

  6. 6.

    The ovarioles are acrotropic and each ovary consists of twelve ovarioles.

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Abbreviations

abd. g. 1.:

first abdominal ganglion

abd. g. 2.:

second abdominal ganglion

ac. gl.:

accessory gland

aed.:

aedeagus

al. m.:

alary muscles

ant. b.:

antennal branch

ant. mal. t.:

anterior Malpighian tubules

ao.:

aorta

br.:

brain

ca.:

corpus allatum

ce. 2.:

common stem formed by the two posterior tubules

cc. 3.:

Main stem formed by cc. 2 and one anterior tubule

cir. m.:

circular muscles

col.:

colon

com. k.:

common knob

cr.:

crop

cr. c. h.:

commissural trunk of head

er. c. m.:

commissural trunk of mesothorax

cr. c. p.:

commissural trunk of prothorax

cut.:

cuticle

d. h. tr.:

dorsal head trunk

d. musc.:

tracheal branches to dorsal head muscles

e. f.:

egg follicle

ej. d.:

ejaculatory duct

f. b.:

fat body

f. c.:

fat cells

f. g.:

fore-gut

fr. g., fn. n.:

frontal ganglion and frontal nerve

g. v. n.c.:

ganglion of ventral nerve cord

h. g.:

hypocerebral genglion

hypd.:

hypodermis

il.:

ileurn

int.:

intima

i. v. br.:

inner and ventral branch of head trachea

lat. long. t.:

lateral longitudinal trunk

lg. m.:

longitudinal muscles

l., r., ov. d.:

left and right oviducts

mal. t.:

Malpighian tubules

mal. t. 1o, 2o:

openings of the first & second anterior Malpighian tubules

med. ov.:

median oviduct

mi. g.:

midgut

n1.:

nerve supplying the dorsal surface of crop

n2.:

nerve supplying the ventrolateral surface of crop and midgut

n. c.:

nurse cell

o. d. br.:

outer and dorsal branch of head trachea

oes.:

oesophagus

oes. g.:

oesophageal ganglion

oes. v.:

oesophageal valve

os.:

ostia

ov.:

ovary

par. oes. c.:

para-œsophageal connective

per.:

pericardium

per. c.:

pericardial cells

per. m.:

peritoneal membrane

ph.:

pharynx

rect.:

rectum

rect. pl.:

rectal plexus

r. fr. g.:

root of frontal ganglion

r. n.:

recurrent nerve

r. oes. g.:

root of œsophageal ganglion

st. s. g.:

stomachic ganglion

s. long. t.:

second longitudinal tracheal trunk

spth.:

spermatheca

spth. d.:

spermathecal duct

sub. oes. g.:

sub-oesophageal ganglion

term. f.:

terminal filament

tes.:

testis

th. g. 1 to th. g. 3.:

first to third thoracic ganglia

vas. def.:

vas deferens

vent. comm. t.:

ventral commissural trunk

vent. h. t.:

ventral head trunk

vent. 1. t.:

ventral longitudinal tracheal trunk

abd.g.1.:

first abdominal ganglion

abd. g. 2.:

second abdominal ganglion

ac. gl.:

accessory gland

aed.:

aedeagus

al. m.:

alary muscles

ant. b.:

antennal branch

ant. mal. t.:

anterior Malpighian tubules

ao.:

aorta

br.:

brain

ca.:

corpus allatum

ce. 2.:

common stem formed by the two posterior tubules

cc. 3.:

Main stem formed by cc. 2 and one anterior tubule

cir. m.:

circular muscles

col.:

colon

com. k.:

common knob

cr.:

crop

cr. c.h.:

commissural trunk of head

er. c. m.:

commissural trunk of mesothorax

cr. c. p.:

commissural trunk of prothorax

cut.:

cuticle

d. h. tr.:

dorsal head trunk

d. musc.:

tracheal branches to dorsal head muscles

e. f.:

egg follicle

ej. d.:

ejaculatory duct

f. b.:

fat body

f. c.:

fat cells

f. g.:

fore-gut

fr. g., fn. n.:

frontal ganglion and frontal nerve

g. v. n. c.:

ganglion of ventral nerve cord

h. g.:

hypocerebral genglion

hypd.:

hypodermis

il.:

ileurn

int.:

intima

i. v. br.:

inner and ventral branch of head trachea

lat. long. t.:

lateral longitudinal trunk

lg. m.:

longitudinal muscles

l., r., ov. d.:

left and right oviducts

mal. t.:

Malpighian tubules

mal. t. 1o, 2o:

openings of the first & second anterior Malpighian tubules

med. ov.:

median oviduct

mi. g.:

midgut

n1.:

nerve supplying the dorsal surface of crop

n2.:

nerve supplying the ventrolateral surface of crop and midgut

n. c.:

nurse cell

o. d. br.:

outer and dorsal branch of head trachea

oes.:

oesophagus

oes. g.:

oesophageal ganglion

oes. v.:

oesophageal valve

os.:

ostia

ov.:

ovary

par. oes. c.:

para-œsophageal connective

per.:

pericardium

per. c.:

pericardial cells

per. m.:

peritoneal membrane

ph.:

pharynx

rect.:

rectum

rect. pl.:

rectal plexus

r. fr. g.:

root of frontal ganglion

r. n.:

recurrent nerve

r. oes. g.:

root of œsophageal ganglion

st. s. g.:

stomachic ganglion

s. long. t.:

second longitudinal tracheal trunk

spth.:

spermatheca

spth. d.:

spermathecal duct

sub. oes. g.:

sub-oesophageal ganglion

term. f.:

terminal filament

tes.:

testis

th. g. 1 to th. g. 3.:

first to third thoracic ganglia

vas. def.:

vas deferens

vent. comm. t.:

ventral commissural trunk

vent. h. t.:

ventral head trunk

vent. 1. t.:

ventral longitudinal tracheal trunk

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, Nagpur, C.P.

    S. Mahmood Husain Khatib

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  1. S. Mahmood Husain Khatib
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Communicated by Dr. M. A. Moghe,f.a.sc.

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Khatib, S.M.H. Studies in Galerucinae. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 24, 35–54 (1946). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03051805

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