Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche großangelegte klinische Studien haben gezeigt, daß die Senkung des Cholesterinspiegels einer der wichtigsten Faktoren im Rahmen der Sekundär- und Primärprävention der koronaren Herzerkrankung (KHK) ist. Im Gegensatz zu den älteren Lipidsenkerstudien mit Fibraten konnten die neueren Studien mit 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme-A-(HMG-CoA-) Reduktasehemmern eine Senkung der kardiovaskulären Mortalität und Gesamtmortalität zeigen. Darüber hinaus war eine stationäre Behandlung seltener notwendig, und die Durchführung von revaskularisierenden Maßnahmen konnte gesenkt werden. Es waren Studien wie die „Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study” (4S), die „West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study” (WOS), die „Cholesterol and Recurrent Events” (CARE) und gerade kürzlich die „Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease” (LIPID), die nachwiesen, daß mit einer Senkung des atherogenen LDL-Cholesterins auch eine Senkung des KHK-Risikos verbunden ist. Darüber hinaus konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Therapie mit einem HMG-CoA-Reduktasehemmer zusätzlich auch das Schlaganfallrisiko zu senken vermag. Neuere Studien weisen darauf hin, daß weniger als die Hälfte aller Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit einer lipidsenkenden Maßnahme zugeführt werden und noch weniger die empfohlenen Zielwerte für das LDL-Cholesterin (<100 mg/dl) erreichen. Daher sollten alle Ärzte, die Patienten mit einer koronaren Herzkrankheit behandeln, auf die dringliche Notwendigkeit und die Möglichkeiten der Sekundäprävention hinweisen und sich des Stellenwertes der cholesterinsenkenden Therapie für diese Patienten bewußt sein. Es ist eine Herausforderung für alle Ärzte, die Erkenntnisse, die wir aus den klinischen Studien gewonnen haben, im Sinne einer „evidence-based medicine” für die Therapieentscheidungen aufzunehmen.
Abstract
A considerable number of large scale clinical trials provide clear evidence that cholesterol lowering is one of the most important risk-reduction strategies for secondary and primary prevention of coronary artery disease. Unlike the older studies with fibrates, the most recent trials of cholesterol-lowering therapies with the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have clearly shown that their use can reduce coronary artery disease and total mortality as well as the need for expensive hospitalization and revascularization procedures Studies such as the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S), the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOS), the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) trial and most recently the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) as well as numerous other investigations, have established that decreasing elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol will result in a reduction in risk of coronary artery disease. In additon, HMG-CoA reductase inhibition reduces the risk for cerebral ischemia. Recent data indicate that less than half of patients with coronary artery disease receive cholesterollowering therapy, and few meet the LDL-cholesterol goal.
Therefore clinicians treating coronary artery disease need to emphasize secondary prevention and recognize the key role of cholesterol-lowering therapy. The challenge for clinicians is to apply the important lessons learned from these clinical trials to an “evidence-based” patient care.
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Schaefer, J.R., Herzum, M. & Maisch, B. Prävention der koronaren Herzerkrankung — „evidence-based medicine” in der Lipidsenkertherapie. Herz 24, 3–12 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043813
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043813