Abstract
To elucidate the role of cell wall in interaction with gall-inducing organisms, symplastic and apoplastic sugar contents in different shapes of gall tissue of the sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) were compared with those of the callus. The gall tissues with vascular cylinders, intercellular spaces and callus were fractionated into symplastic [methanol (MeOH), hot water (HW), and starch] fractions and apoplastic [pectin, hemicellulose, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-soluble, and cellulose] fractions. Symplastic sugar content of gall tissues was higher than that of callus. In apoplastic (cell wall) fractions, the cellulose content of gall tissues was lower than that of callus, due to large amount of pectin with high ratio of uronic acid (UA) and hemicellulose with low ratio of UA. Analysis of neutral sugar component of the hemicellulosic, TFA-soluble fraction showed that arabinose (side chain) and galactose (backbone) of arabinogalactan were rich in gall tissues and callus. The gall tissues had higher glucose and lower xylose contents than the callus. These results suggest that the structure of cell wall polysaccharides of gall changed during its development with an increase in symplastic sugar contents. The feeding activities occuring in gall by the gall-inducers were discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Albersheim, P., A. Darvil, K. Roberts, A. Stachelin and J.E. Varner. 1997. Do the structure of cell wall polysaccharides define their mode of synthesis?Plant Physiol. 113: 1–3.
Blakeney, A.B., P.J. Harris, R.J. Henry and B.A. Stone. 1983. A simple and rapid preparation of alditol for monosaccharide analysis.Carhohydr. Res. 113: 291–299.
Blackmail, R.L. and V.F. Eastop. 1984. Aphids on the worlds crops. John Willey & Sons, New York, pp. 466.
Blumenkrantz, N. and G. Asboe-Hansen. 1973. New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids.Anal. Biochem. 54: 484–489.
Buchala, A.J. and K.C.B. Wilkie. 1971. The ratio of β (1,3) to (1,4) glucosidic linkages in non-endospermic hemicellulosic β-glucans from oat plant (Avena sativa) tissues at different stages of maturity.Phytochem. 10: 2287–2291.
Delmer, D.P. 1988. Cellulose biosynthesis.Anna. Rev. Plant Physiol. 38: 259–290.
Delmer, D.P., P. Ohana, L. Gonen and M. Benziman. 1993.In vitro synthesis of cellulose in plant: still a long way to go!Plant Physiol. 103: 307–308.
Dubois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, P.A. Reber and F. Smith. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances.Anal. Chem. 28: 350–356.
Fincher, G.B. and B.A. Stone. 1983. Arabinogalactan-protein; Structure, biosynthesis, and function.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 34: 47–70.
Hoson, T. 1993. Regulation of polysaccharide breakdown during auxin-induced cell wall loosening.J. Plant Res. 106: 369–381.
Kikuchi, A., Y. Edashige, T. Ishii, T. Fujii and S. Satoh. 1996. Varietions in the structure of neutral sugar chains in the pectic polysaccharides of morphologically different carrot calli and correlations with the size of cell clusters.Planta 198: 634–639.
Labavitch, J.M. 1982. Cell wall turnover in plant development.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32: 385–406.
Mani, M.S. 1992. Introduction to cecidology.In Biology of Insect-Induced Galls. J.D. Shorthouse and O. Rohfritsch (eds.) Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 3–7.
Masuda, Y. 1990. Auxin-induced cell elongation and cell wall changes.Rot. Mag. Tokyo 103: 345–370.
Murashige, T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures.Plant Phvsiol. 15: 473–493.
Okuda, K., L. Li, K. Kudlicka, S. Kuga and R.M. Jr.Brown. 1993. β-Glucan synthesis in the cotton fiber. I. Identification of β-1,4 and -1,3-glucans synthesizedin vitro.Plant Physiol. 101: 1131–1142.
Paik, YV.H. 1972. Aphidoidea. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea 13, Insecta (In Korea), pp. 751.
Sakurai, N. 1991. Cell wall functions in growth and development-a physical and chemical point of view.Hot. Mag. Tokyo 104: 235–251.
Sakurai, N., S. Tanaka and S. Kuraishi. 1987. Changes in wall polysaccharides of squash (Cucumbita maxima Duch) hypocotyls under water stress condition. I. Wall sugar composition and growth as affected by water stress.Plant Cell Physiol 28: 1051–1058.
Taiz, L. 1984. Plant cell expansion: regulation of cell wall mechanical properties.Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 35: 585–657.
Takeuchi, Y. and A. Komamine. 1978. Changes in composition of cell wall ploysaccharides of suspension-culturedVinea rosea cells during culture.Phvsiol. Plant. 42: 21–28.
Talmadge, K., K. Keegstra, W.D. Bauer and P. Albersheim. 1973. The structure of plant cell walls. I. The macromolecular components of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells with a detailed analysis of the pectic polysaccharides.Plant Physiol. 51: 158–173.
Wakabayashi, K., N. Sakurai and S. Kuraishi. 1991. Effect of ABA on synthesis of cell-wall polysaccharides in segements of etiolated squash hypocotyl II. Levels of UDP-neutral sugars.Plant Cell Phvsiol. 32: 427–432.
Yeo, U.-D., W.-Y. Soh, H. Tasaka, N. Sakurai, S. Kuraishi and K. Takeda. 1995. Cell wall polysaccharides of callus and suspension-cultured cells from three cellulose-less mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L).Plant Cell Phvsiol. 36: 931–936.
Yeo, U.-D., Y.-K. Chae, S.-S. So, W.-K. Lee and N. Sakurai. 1997. Developmental changes of sugar contents in the gall on the leaf of elm (Zelkowa serrata Makino) formed byParaeolopha morrisoni Baker (Homopetra).J. Plant Biol. 40: 67–71.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yeo, U.D., Chae, Y.K., Lee, W.K. et al. Symplastic and apoplastic sugar contents in gall tissues and callus of the sumac (Rhus chinensis MILL.). J. Plant Biol. 41, 135–141 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030400
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03030400