Abstract
The effect of halothane on arrhythmias induced by ischaemia was investigated in rats, isolated perfused rat hearts, and pigs. Responses to the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery were determined in groups (n = 9) of chronically prepared rats treated with no halothane, 0.5, or 1.0 per cent halothane immediately after occlusion; in isolated rat hearts (n = 10) treated with no halothane, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 per cent halothane for 15 min before and after occlusion; and 20–25 kg pigs (n = 11) anaesthetised with halothane or pentobarbital. The ECG, arrhythmias, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and extent of infarction were determined in each model. In pigs, left ventricular pressure, dp/dtmax and cardiac output were also measured. In chronically prepared rats, halothane anaesthesia started after occlusion was antiarrhythmic and decreased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and resulting mortality. In isolated rat hearts, 0.5 or 1.0 per cent halothane had little effect on occlusion-induced arrhythmias. The highest concentration of halothane increased the incidence of ventricular fibrillation both before and after occlusion. Halothane decreased developed ventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner. In acutely prepared pigs, halothane pre-treatment had no appreciable effect upon occlusion-induced arrhythmias when compared with pentobarbital anaesthesia. Thus, halothane is antiarrhythmic when treatment is initiated after occlusion in the rat but this action is not seen in isolated hearts or intact pigs. The antiarrhythmic action of halothane is, therefore, species and model dependent.
Rérdsumé
L’effet de l’halothane sur les arythmies induites par une ischemie a été investigué chez des coeurs de rats isolés el perfuses, et chez des cochons. Les riponses à l’occlusion de l’artère coronaire descendante antérieure ont été déterminées chez des groupes (n = 9) de rats préparés d’une façon chronique et traités avec 0 halothane, 0.5, ou 1 pour cent d’halothane immediatement après l’occlusion; chez des coeurs de rats isolés (n = 10) traités avec 0 halothane, 0.5,1.0, 2.0 ou 4.0 pour cent d’halothane pour 15 minutes avant et après l’occlusion; et des cochons de 20–25 kg (n = 11) anesthésiés avec de l’halothane ou du pentobarbital. L’ECG, les arythmies, la tension artérielle (BP), la fréquence cardiaque (HR) et l’extension de l’infarctus ont été déterminé dans chaque expérience. Chez les cochons, la pression du ventricule gauche, dp/dtmax et le débit cardiaque ont aussi été mesurée. Chez les rats préparés de façon chronique, l’anesthésie a l’halothane ayant commencé après l’occlusion était antiarythmique et diminua l’incidence de la fibrillation ventriculaire et de la mortalité. Chez les coeurs de rats isoles, 0.5 ou 1.0 pour cent d’halothane n’avait aucun effet sur les arythmies induites par l’occlusion. Les concentrations élevées d’halothane ont augmenté l’incidence de fibrillation ventriculaire tant avant qu’aprés l’occlusion. L’halothane a diminué la pression ventriculaire el cette diminution était proportionnelle a la dose administrée. Chez les cochons préparés d’une facon aiguë, le traitement avec l’halothane n’avait aucun effet appréciable sur les arythmies induites par l’occlusion comparativement l’anesthésie au pentobarbital. Ainsi, l’halothane est antiarythmique si son administration suit l’occlusion chez les rats seulement, mais cette action n’est pas observie chez les coeurs isolés ou les cochons intacts. L’action antiarythmique de l’halothane est ainsi dipendante de l’espèce et du modèle utilisè.
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Supported by the British Columbia Heart Foundation.
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MacLeod, B.A., McGroarty, R., Morton, R.H. et al. Effects of halothane on arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischaemia. Can J Anaesth 36, 289–294 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03010767
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03010767