Abstract
The effects of enflurane and isoflurane of 0.75 and 1.5 MAC on capillary blood flow were studied by the microsphere (9 ± 1 μm in diameter) method in two groups of seven dogs. Simultaneously, changes in the arteriolo-venular shunt were studied by collection of venous blood at a rate of 4.8 ml · min−1 for two minutes. Enflurane anaesthesia at 0.75 MAC decreased capillary blood flow in the thyroid glands (35% of control), left and right ventricular wall (59% and 50%), adrenal gland (59%), liver (63%), spleen (56%), pancreas (35%), omentum (20%), and small intestine (60%) and at 1.5 MAC it decreased further in the thyroid glands (15%), left and right ventricular wall (31% and 32%), adrenal gland (42%), liver (47%), spleen (31%), pancreas (23%), omentum (20%), stomach (45%), and small intestine (54%). No marked changes were noted in the brain, kidney, large intestine or skeletal muscle. The arteriolo-venular shunt was decreased in the kidney from an initial rate of 12.1 to 3.8% at 0.75 MAC and to 2.5% at 1.5 MAC enflurane. In contrast, during isoflurane anaesthesia, capillary blood flow remained unchanged, except for a decrease to the thyroid glands (43%) and right ventricular wall (74%) during 1.5 MAC anaesthesia. However, the arteriolo-venular shunt was increased in the brain from 12.0 to 29.7% and 33.0% during 0.75 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane anaesthesia, respectively. It also increased from 25.0 to 41.0% and 46.3% in the skeletal muscle, and from 8.9 to 19.9% and 17.4% in the whole systemic circulation. These data indicate that capillary blood flow is better preserved during isoflurane than during enflurane anaesthesia, but is associated with increased arteriolo-venular shunting.
Résumé
Les effets de l’enfurane et de l’isoflurane 0,75 et 1,5 MAC sur le débit capillaire sont étudiés par la méthode des microsphères (9 ±1 μm de diamètre) chez deux groupes de sept chiens. Simultanément, les altérations du shunt artériolo-veinulaire sont étudiées par la collecte de sang veineux à la vitesse de 4,8 ml · min−1 pendant deux minutes. L’anesthésie à l’enflurane 0,75 MAC diminue le débit capillaire de la glande thyroïde (35% du contrôle), des parois ventriculaires gauche et droite (59 et 50%), de la surrénale (59%), du foie (63%), de la rate (56%), du pancréas (35%), de l’épiploon (20%) et de l’intestin (60%); à 1,5 MAC, la baisse s’accentue dans la thyroïde (15%), les parois ventriculaire gauche et droite (31% et 32%), la surrénale (42%), le foie (47%), la rate (31%), le pancréas (23%), l’épiploon (20%), l’estomac (45%) et l’intestin grêle (54%). On ne note pas de changements au cerveau, au rein, au gros intestin et au muscle squelettique. Le shunt artériolo-veinulaire diminue au rein de 12,1 à 3,8% à 0,75 MAC et à 2,5% à 1,5 MAC. Par contre, avec l’anesthésie à l’isoflurane, le débit capillaire demeure inchangé, a l’exception d’une baisse dans la thyroïde (43%) et la paroi ventriculaire droite (74%) pendant l’anesthésie à 1,5 MAC. Cependant, le shunt artériolo-veinulaire augmente au cerveau de 12,0% à 29,7% et 33,0% respectivement sous isoflurane 0,75 et 1,5 MAC. Il augmente aussi de 25,0% à 41,0% et 46,3% dans le muscle squelettique, et de 8,9% à 19,9% et 17,4% dans la circulation systémique. Ces données montrent que le débit capillaire est mieux préservé pendant l’anesthésie à l’isoflurane que pendant l’anesthésie à l’enflurane, mais que l’anesthésie à l’isoflurane est associée avec une augmentation du shunt artériolo-veinulaire.
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Yano, H., Takaori, M. The microcirculation during enflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. Can J Anaesth 41, 149–155 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03009810
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03009810