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Traitement endoscopique palliatif des sténoses colorectales malignes par prothèses métalliques: résultats chez 41 patients

Endoscopic palliative treatment of malignant colorectal stenosis with metallic stents: results in 41 patients

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Acta Endoscopica

Résumé

But

La colostomie de décharge est la prise en charge thérapeutique admise de l’occlusion rectocolique d’origine tumorale. Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer la faisabilité et l’efficacité du traitement endoscopique des sténoses malignes colo-rectales par prothèses métalliques expansives chez des patients non opérables.

Patients et méthodes

Entre septembre 1994 et septembre 2002, 41 patients consécutifs (21 femmes, âge moyen de 69,5 ans, extrême 41–92 ans) présentant une occlusion colo-rectale d’origine néoplasique non opérable ont été traités de manière palliative par pose d’endoprothèse métallique auto-expansive. L’occlusion avait pour étiologie une atteinte tumorale colo-rectale primitive dans 32 cas et une atteinte carcinomateuse péritonéale compressive pour les 9 autres patients. Le niveau de l’occlusion était rectal dans 11 cas, sigmoïdien dans 26 cas, transverse colique dans 2 cas, à l’angle colique gauche dans un cas et à l’angle colique droit pour le dernier. Les prothèses utilisées étaient de type Enterai Wallstent®, Colonic Z stent®, Ultraflex precision® ou encore de type Choo stent®.

Résultats

L’insertion prothétique était possible chez 37 patients (90,2 %) et permettait de manière constante la levée de l’occlusion. Huit de ces 37 patients présentaient un stent perméable après un suivi moyen de 23,5 semaines. L’évolution fut la suivante pour les 29 autres patients: 22 patients avaient une prothèse perméable au moment de leur décès, 2 prothèses étaient envahies par la tumeur nécessitant un second traitement endoscopique (insertion d’un second stent), 5 prothèses (14,7 %) avaient migré de manière spontanée sans récidive de l’occlusion et un stent avait été retiré pour un ténesme rectal à la suite de sa pose.

Conclusion

L’insertion endoscopique de prothèses métalliques auto-expansives est un traitement efficace et bien toléré des sténoses malignes colo-rectales. La complication la plus fréquente est la migration survenant quel que soit le modèle de prothèse utilisé.

Summary

Background and study aims

Diverting colostomy is the classical approach in malignant colorectal obstruction. The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility and the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment of malignant occluding colorectal cancers using selfexpanding metallic stents in nonsurgically treated patients.

Patients and methods

Between September 1994 and September 2002, 41 consecutive patients (21 females, mean age 69.5 years, range 41 –92) with malignant colorectal occlusion or subocclusion and without any curative surgery possibility, had palliative treatment with one or several endoscopic metallic stents. Colorectal cancer was the cause of occlusion in 32 patients, and in 9, peritoneal carcinomatosis with colonie invasion was present. The level of occlusion was rectal in 11 cases, sigmoid in 26 cases, transverse colon in 2 cases, splenic flexure in one case and right angle in another case. Prostheses were either Enterai Wallstent, colonie Z stent, Ultraflex stent precision or Choo stent.

Results

Placement of expandable stents was possible in 37 cases (90.2 %) and always relieved the bowel occlusion. Eight out of these 37 patients were still alive with a permeable stent after a mean follow up of 23.5 weeks. The evolution was as follows for the remaining 29 patients: 22 had a permeable stent at their death, two stents were invaded by tumor and were treated with a second stent, 5 stents had a spontaneous migration without reocclusion and one prosthesis was removed because of rectal tenesmus.

Conclusion

Endoscopically inserted selfexpandable metal stents are an efficient palliative treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction. The most frequent complication is spontaneous migration occurring with various stent models.

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Vanbiervliet, G., Dumas, R., Demarquay, J.F. et al. Traitement endoscopique palliatif des sténoses colorectales malignes par prothèses métalliques: résultats chez 41 patients. Acta Endosc 34, 327–334 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03004261

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03004261

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