Skip to main content
Log in

Recent progress in optical amplifiers

Derniers dÉveloppements concernant les amplificateurs optiques

  • Published:
Annales Des Télécommunications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

State of the art optical amplifier technologies are reviewed focusing on research at ntt. The following developments will be described : an erbium-doped silica fiber with a very high gain coefficient of 11.0 dB/mW, a very small (volume : 36 cc) fiber amplifier module pumped by a 980 nm InGaAs laser diode, an Er-doped fiber amplifier pumped by an AlGalnP visible laser diode, praseodymium-doped fluoride glass fiber amplifiers operating in 1300 nm band, silica-based erbiumdoped planar lightwave circuit amplifiers, and their applications in various optical transmission and measurement systems. The future trends in the optical amplifier research are also described.

Résumé

L’article passe en revue ľétat de ľart concernant les amplificateurs optiques, en insistant sur les recherches à ntt. Il décrit en particulier une fibre en silice dopée à Verbium ay ant un coefficient de gain élevé (11,0 dB/mW), un module amplificateur de faible volume (36 cm3) pompé par une diode laser à 980 nm, un amplificateur à fibre dopée a ľ erbium pompée par une diode laser en AlGaAs émettant dans le visible, des am plificateurs à fibre en verre aufluorure dopé au praséodyne fonctionnant vers 1300 nm, des amplificateurs à circuit optique planaire à base de silice dopé à V erbium, des applications en transmission optique et dans des systémes de mesure. II evoque aussi les tendances ďavenir.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Snitzer (E.). Optical maser action of Nd3+ in a barium crown glass.Phys. Rev. Letters (Dec. 1961),7, pp. 444–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Snitzer (E.), Koester (C. J.). Optical processing of information.Spartan Books, Baltimore, Md (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Koester (C. J.), Snitzer (E.). Amplification in a fiber laser.Appl. Opt. (Oct. 1964),3, pp. 1182–1186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Snitzer (E.), Woodcock (R.). Yb3+-Er3+ glass laser.Appl. Phys. Letters (Feb. 1965),6, pp. 45–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mears (R. J.),Leekie (L.),Jauncey (I. M.),Payne (D. N.). Highgain rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier operating at 1.54 μm.Proc. OFCIIOOC’87, W12, Reno, Nevada, USA (Feb. 1987), p. 167.

  6. Shimizu (M.),Yamada (M.),Takeshita (T.),Horiguchi (M.). 0.98 μ,m laser diode pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with a gain coefficient of 7.6 dB/mW.Proc. Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, MB2 (Aug. 1990), pp. 12–15.

  7. Hagimoto (K.),Iwatsuki (K.),Nakazawa (M.),Saruwatari (M.),Aida (K.),Nakagawa (M.),Horiguchi (M.). A 212 km non-repeated transmission experiment at 1.8 Gbit/s using ld pumped Er3+-doped fiber amplifiers. In an IM/ direct-detection repeater system, OFC’89, PD–15 (1989).

  8. Laming (R. I.),Reekie (L.),Payne (D. N.),Scrivener (P. I.),Fontana (F.),Righetti (A.). Optimal pumping of erbium-doped-fiber optical amplifiers.Proc. ECOC’88 (Sep. 1988), pp. 25–28.

  9. Fafarries (M. C.),Laming (R. I.),Morkel (P. R.),Birks (T. A.),Payne (D. N.). Efficient high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped with a frequency-doubled Nd : yag laser.Proc. OFC’89, Houston, TX, TUG5 (Feb. 1989), pp. 23–24.

  10. Whitley (T. J.),Hodgkinson (T. G.). 1.54 μm Er3+-doped fiber amplifier optically pumped at 807 nm.Proc. ECOC’88, Brighton (Sep. 1988), pp. 58–61.

  11. Whitley (T. J.). Laser diode pumped operation of Er3+-doped fiber amplifier.Electron. Letters (Dec. 1988),24, n°. 25, pp. 1076–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Uehara (S.),Horiguchi (M.),Takeshita (T.),Okayasu (M.),Yamada (M.),Shimizu (M.),Kogure (O.),Oe (K.). 0.98-μm InGaAs strained quantum well lasers for erbium-doped fiber optical amplifier.Proc. IOOC’89, 20PDB-11 (1989).

  13. Snitzer (E.),Po (H.),Hakimi (F),Tumminelli (R.),Mc Collum (B. C.). Erbium fiber laser amplifier at 1.55 μm with pump at 1.49 μm and Yb sensitized oscillator.Proc. OFC’88, PD2 (Feb. 1988).

  14. Suzuki (K.),Kimura (Y),Nakazawa (M.). High-gain erbiumdoped fiber amplifier pumped by 820 nm GaAlAs laser diodes.Proc. Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, Monterey, California, MB4 (Aug. 1990), pp. 20–23.

  15. Horiguchi (M.), Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.), Yoshino (K.), Hanafusa (H.). Highly efficient optical fiber amplifier pumped by a 0.8 μm band laser diode.Electron. Letters (1990),26, n° 21, pp. 1758–1759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Vodhanel (R. S.), Laming (R. I.), Shah (V.), Curtis (L.), Bour (D. P.), Barnes (W. L.), Minelly (J. D.), Tarbox (E. J.), Favire (F. J.). Highly efficient 978 nm diode-pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifier with 24 dB gain.Electron. Letters (1989),25, pp. 1386–1388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yamada (M.), Shimizu (M.), Takeshita (T.), Okayasu (M.), Horiguchi (M.),Uehara (S.), Sugita (E.). E3+-doped fiber optical amplifier pumped by 0.98 μm lasers diodes.Photon. Technol. Letters (Dec. 1990),1, pp. 422–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Nakazawa (M.), Kimura (Y.), Suzuki (K.). Efficient Er+3-doped optical fiber amplifier pumped by a 1.48 μm InGaAsP laser diode.Appl. Phys. Letters (1989),54, pp. 295–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Laming (R. I.), Poole (S. B.), Tarbox (E. J.). Pump excited-state absorption in erbium-doped fibers.Opt. Letters (Dec. 1988),13, pp. 1084–1086.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kato (K.), Nishi (I.). Low loss diode module using a molded aspheric glass lens.IEEE Photonics Technol. Letters (July 1990),2, n° 7, pp. 473–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yoshino (K.), Kato (K.), Nishi (I.), Hanafusa (H.), Horiguchi (M.). Characteristics of laser-diode modules using thermally-diffused expanded core fibres.Electron. Letters (1991),27, n° 10, pp. 796–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kato (K.), Nishi (I.), Yoshino (K.), Hanafusa (H.). Optical coupling characteristics of laser diodes to thermally diffused expanded core fiber coupling using an aspheric lens.IEEE Photon. Technol. Letters (1991),3, n° 5, pp. 469–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Namikawa (H.), Ishii (Y.), Kumata (K.), Arai (K.), Tsuchiya (T.). Preparation of Nd-doped Si02 glasses by axial injection plasma torch cvd and their fluorescence properties.J. Appl. Phys. (June 1984),23, pp. L409-L411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Namikawa (H.), Arai (K.), Kumata (K.), Ishii (Y), Tanaka (H.). Preparation of Nd-doped Si02 glass by plasma torch cvd.Jpn J. Appl. Phys. (1982),21, pp. L360-L362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Arai (K.), Namikawa (H.), Kumata (K.), Ishii (Y), Tanaka (H.), Iida (I.). Fluorescence and its Nd3+ concentration dependence of Nd-doped SIO2 glasses prepared by plasma torch cvd.Jpn Appl. Phys. (1983),22, pp. L397-L399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ishii (Y), Namikawa (H.), Arai (K.), Noda (A.), Negishi (A.), Handa (T.). Preparation of Nd-Al co-doped Si02 glass by plasma torch cvd and its fluorescence properties.Yogyo-Kyoukai-Shi (1985),93, pp. 498–504.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Arai (K.), Namikawa (H.), Kumata (K.), Honda (T.). Aluminum or phosphorus co-doping effects on the fluorescence and structural properties of neodymium-doped silica glass.J. Appl. Phys. (1986),59, pp. 3430–3436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. MacChesney (J. B.),Simpson (J. R.). Optical waveguides with novel compositions.Proc. OFC’85, WH5 (Feb. 1985).

  29. Poole (S. B.), Payne (D. N.), Fermann (M. E.). Fabrication of low-loss optical fibres containing rare-earth ions.Electron. Letters (Aug. 1985),21, pp. 737–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Atkins (C. G.), Massicott (J. F.), Armitage (J. R.), Wyatt (R.), Ainslie (B. J.), Craig-Ryan (S. P.). High-gain, broad spectral bandwidth erbium-doped fibre amplifier pumped near 1.5 μm.Electron. Letters (1989),25, pp. 910–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Shimizu (M.), Hanawa (F.), Suda (H.), Horiguchi (M.). Transmission loss characteristics of Nd-doped silica single-mode fibers fabricated by the vad method.J JAP Letters (March 1989),28, pp. L476-L478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.), Takeshita (T.), Okayasu (M.), Horiguchi (M.). Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with an extremely high gain coefficient of 11.0 dB/mW.Electron. Letters (1990),26, pp. 1641–1643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Shibata (N.).Jpn Patent, no 1450629 (1988).

  34. Sudo (S.).Jpn Patent, no 1171723 (1983).

  35. Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.), Horiguchi (M.), Sugita (E.). Concentration effect on optical amplification characteristics of Er-doped silica single-mode fibers.IEEE Photonics Technol. Letters (Jan. 1990),2, pp. 43–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Schultz (P.).US Patent Pending, no 3859073 (1973).

  37. Townsend (J. E.), Poole (S. B.), Payne (D. N.). Solution-doping technique for fabrication of rare-earth-doped optical fibres.Electron. Letters (March 1987),23, pp. 329–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Gozen (T.),Kikukawa (Y.),Yoshida (M.),Tanaka (H.),Shintani (T). Development of high Nd3+ content vad single-mode fiber by the molecular stuffing technique.Proc. OFC’88, WQ1 (Feb. 1988), p. 98.

  39. Yokohama (I.), Noda (J.), Okamoto (K.). Fiber-coupler fabrication with automatic fusion-elongation process for low excess loss and high coupling-ratio accuracy.J. Lightwave Technol. (1987),5, pp. 910–915.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Takeuchi (Y), Noda (J.). Novel fiber coupler tapering process using a microheaterIEEE Photon.Technol. Letters (1992),4, n° 5, pp. 465–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Ainslie (B. J.),Craig-Ryan (S. P.),Davey (S. T),Armitage (J. R.),Atkins (C. G.),Wyatt (R.). Optical analysis of erbium doped fibres for efficient lasers and amplifiers.Proc. IOOC’89. 20A3-2, Kobe, Japan (July 1989), pp. 22–23.

  42. Shimizu (M.),Kitagawa (T.). Fabrication and characterization of Er-doped single-mode fibers and waveguides.Proc. Meeting on Optical Fiber Amplifier and Semiconductor Amplifier (Micro-optics News), Group of Microoptics (The Optical Society of Japan), Tokyo, Japan (Feb. 1990), pp. 13–18. (In Japanese.)

  43. Shimizu (M.),Horiguchi (M.),Yamada (M.),Nishi (I.),Uehara (S.),Noda (J.),Sugita (E.) Compact and highly efficient optical fiber amplifier module pumped by a 0.98 ¼m laser diode.Proc. OFC’90, PD-17 (Feb. 1990).

  44. Ainslie (B. J.),Armitage (J. R.),Craig (S. P.),Wakefield (B.). Fabrication and optimisation of the erbium distribution in silica based doped fibres.Proc. ECOC’88 (Sep. 1988), pp. 62–65.

  45. Giles (C. R.), Desurvire (E.), Zyskind (J. L.), Simpson (J. R.). Noise performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped at 1.49 ¼m, and application to signal preamplification at 1.8 Gbit/s.IEEE Photon. Technol. Letters (1989),1, pp. 367–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Laming (R. I.),Morkel (P. R.),Payne (D. N.),Reekie (L.). Noise in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Proc. ECOC’89, Brighton, UK (11–15 Sep. 1989).

  47. Olshansky (R.). Noise figure for erbium-doped optical fiber amplifiers.Electron. Letters (1988),24, pp. 1363–1365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Desurvire (E.). Analysis of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped in the4I15/2-4I13/2 band.Photon. Technol.Letters (1989),1, pp. 293–296.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Yamada (M), Shimizu (M), Okayasu (M), Takeshita (T.), Horiguchi (M.), Tachikawa (Y), Sugita (E.). Noise characteristics of Er3+-doped fiber amplifier pumped by 0.98 and 1.48 ¼m laser diodes.IEEE Photon. Technol. Letters (March 1990),2, pp. 205–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Shimizu (M), Yamada (M.), Horiguchi (M), Sugita (E.). Gain characteristics of erbium-doped single-mode fiber amplifiers operated at liquid-nitrogen temperature.Appl. Phys. Letters (1990),56, pp. 2273–2275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Kagi (N.),Takada (A.),Aida (K.). Temperature dependence of the gain in an erbium-doped fiber.Proc. CLEO’90, CPD36–1 (1990).

  52. Yamada (M),Shimizu (M.),Okayasu (M.),Horiguchi (M). Temperature insensitive Er3+-doped optical fibers.Proc. Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, Post deadline paper PD-7, Monterey, California (Aug. 1990), pp. 2–5.

  53. Yamada (M.), Shimizu (M.), Okayasu (M.), Horiguchi (M.). Temperature insensitive Er3+-doped optical fibers.Electron. Letters (1990),26, pp. 1649–1650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Yamada (M.), Shimizu (M.), Okayasu (M.), Horiguchi (M.), Okayasu (M.). Temperature dependence of signal gain in Er3+-doped optical fiber amplifiers.IEEE J. Quantum. Electron. (1992),28, n° 3, pp. 640–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Shimizu (M.), Horiguchi (M.), Yamada (M.), Okayasu (M.), Takeshita (T.), Nishi (I.), Uehara (S.), Noda (J.), Sugita (E.). Highly efficient integrated optical fiber amplifier module pumped by a 0.98 ¼m laser diode.Electron. Letters (1990),26, pp. 498–499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Okayasu (M.), Takeshita (T.), Yamada (M.), Kogure (O.), Horiguchi (M.), Fukuda (M.), Kozen (A.), Oe (K.), Uehara (S.). High-power 0.98 ¼m GalnAs strained quantum well lasers for Er3+-doped fiber amplifier.Electron. Letters (Nov. 1989),25, pp. 1563–1564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Uehara (S.). Pump sources for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.Proc. Topical Meeting Optical Amplifier and their Applications, WA1, Monterey, California (Aug. 1990), pp. 206–209.

  58. Horiguchi (M.), Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.), Yoshino (K.), Hanafusa (H.). Highly efficient Er-doped fibre amplifiers pumped in 660 nm band.Electron. Letters (1991),27, n° 25. pp. 2319–2320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Horiguhi (M.), Yoshino (K.), Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.). 670 nm semiconductor laser diode pumped erbium-doped fibrc amplifiers.Electronics Letters (1993),26, n° 7, pp. 593–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Sugawa (T), Miyajima (Y), Komukai (X). 10 dB gain and high saturation power in an a Nd3+-doped fluorozirconate fibre amplifier.Electron. Letters (1990),26, n° 24, pp. 2042–2044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Ohishi (Y.),Kanamori (K.),Kitagawa (T.),Takahashi (S.),Snitzer (E.),Sigel (G. H. Jr). Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber amplifier operating at 1.31 ¼m.Tech. Dig. of Optical Fibre Communication Conf. (1991), Optical Society of America, Washington DC, PD paper PD-2.

  62. Yamada (M.), Shimizu (M.), Ohishi (Y), Temmyo (J.), Wada (M.), Kanamori (T), Horiguchi (M.), Takahashi (S.). 15.1-dB-gain Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber amplifier pumped by high-power laser-diode modules.Photon. Technol. Letters (1992),4, n° 9, pp. 994–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Shimizu (M.),Yamada (M.),Hanawa (E),Ohishi (Y),Temmyo (J.),Wada (M.),Sudo (S.). 13-¼m band Pr-doped fluoride fiber amplifier module pumped by laser diodes.Tech. Dig. of Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, Santa Fe, PD-3 (1992), pp. 9–14.

  64. Kitagawa (T), Hattori (K.), Shimizu (M.), Ohmori (Y), Kobayashi (M.). Guided-wave laser based on erbium-doped silica planar lightwave circuit.Electron. Letters (1991),27, n° 4, pp. 334–335.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Kitagawa (T),Hattori (K.),Shuto (K.),Yasu (M.),Kobayashi (M.),Horiguchi (M.). Amplification in erbium-doped silica-based planar lightwave circuits.Tech. Dig. of Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, Santa Fe, PD-1 (1992), pp. 1–4.

  66. Kitagawa (T), Hattori (K.), Shuto (K.), Yasu (M.), Kobayashi (M.), Horiguchi (M.). Amplification in erbium-doped silica-based planar lightwave circuits.Electron. Letters (1992),28, n° 19, pp. 1818–1819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Hattori (K.), Kitagawa (T.), Oguma (M.), Wada (M.), Temmyo (J.), Horiguchi (M.). Erbium-doped silica-based planar waveguide amplifier pumped by 0.98 ¼n laser diodes.Electronics Letters (1993),29, n° 4, pp. 357–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Kitagawa (T).Hattori (K.),Hibino (Y),Ohmori (Y),Horiguchi (M.). Laser oscillation in Er-doped silica-based planar ring resonator.Tech. Dig. of ECOC’92 (1992), pp. 907–910.

  69. Hagimoto (K.), Miyagawa (Y), Miyamoto (Y.), Ohashi (M.), Ohata (M.), Aida (K.), Nakagawa (K.). A 10 Gbit/s long-span fiber transmission experiment employing optical amplification technique and monolithic IC technology.Technical Digest of seventh IOOC, PD paper (1989),5, 20PDA-6, pp. 22–23.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Saito (S.), Imai (T.), Ito (T). An over 2 200-km coherent transmission experiment at 2.5 Gbit/s using erbium-doped-fiber in-line amplifiers.IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology (1991),9, n° 2, pp. 161–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Imai (T.),Murakami (M.),Fukuda (Y),Aiki (M.),Ito (T.). Over 10 000 km straight line system experiment at 2.5 Gbit/s using inline optical amplifiers.Tech. Dig. of Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, Santa Fe (1992), PD-12, pp. 53–57.

  72. Inoue (K.),Toba (H.),Serine (S.),Sugiyama (H.),Nosu (K.). 100 channel common amplification using an Er-doped fiber amplifier.Technical Digest of Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications (Aug. 1990), TuA3, pp. 104–107.

  73. Nakazawa (M.), Yamada (E.), Kubota (H.), Suzuki (K.). 10 Gbit/s soliton transmission over one million kilometers.Electron. Letters (1991),27, n° 14, pp. 1270–1272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Furukawa (S.),Izumita (H.),Sankawa (I.),Koyamada (Y). High dynamic range, low fading noise coherent otdr using erbium fiber amplifier and ld temperature changing techniques.Tech. Dig. of ECOC’91, Paris (1991), MoC1–3, pp. 81–84.

  75. Takada (K.), Shimizu (M.), Yamada (M.), Horiguchi (M.), Himeno (A.), Yukimatsu (K.). Ultrahigh-sensitivity low coherence otdr using Er3+-doped high-power superfluorescent fibre source.Electron. Letters (1992),28, n° 1, pp. 29–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Takada (K.), Kitagawa (T.), Shimizu (M.), Horiguchi (M.). High-sensitivity optical low coherence reflectometer using erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source and erbium-doped power amplifier.Electron. Letters (1993),29, n° 4, pp. 365–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Horiguchi, M. Recent progress in optical amplifiers. Ann. Télécommun. 48, 356–367 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995461

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02995461

Key words

Mots clés

Navigation