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Über triassische »Loxonematoidea« und ihre beziehungen zu rezenten und paläozoischen schnecken

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Abstract

The Triassic Loxonematoidea represent a polyphyletic group of gastropods. Among these Ctenoglossa can be traced into Paleozoic time. Triphoroidea and Janthinoidea as modern representatives are well documented throughout the Tertiary into the Upper Cretaceous. In the Triassic fauna Ctenoglossa are represented by the Zygopleuroidea which merge with modern forms during the Late Mesozoic time. The ctenoglossan units can be defined by the morphology of their larval shell. Paleozoic Pseudozy-gopleuridae have given rise to the Triassic Protoculidae n. fam. In addition to the Zygopleuroidea the “Loxonematoidea” contain species similar to DevonianLoxonema, likePolygyrina. Its larval shell is unlike that of the Ctenoglossa. Relation of the Triassic Loxonematoidae can be suggested with Paleozoic fossils. There may also be a connection with post-Triassic Stromboidea. Zygopleuroidea are thus separated from Loxonematoidea and placed into the Ctenoglossa. Loxonematoidea are newly defined and provisionally placed within the Mesogastropoda.

Kurzfassung

Die klassischen Loxonematoidea erweisen sich als polyphyletische Gruppe. Zum Teil sind darin Ctenoglossa als eigene Gruppe der Caenogastropoda enthalten, die eine bis in das Paläozoikum zurückverfolgbare systematische Einheit bilden. Unter ihnen lassen sich Triphoroidea und Janthinoidea bis in die obere Kreide hinein gut belegen. In der Trias werden sie vornehmlich durch die Zygopleuroidea vertreten. Natürliche Einheiten der Ctenoglossa lassen sich anhand der Gestalt und Skulptur ihrer Larvalgehäuse erkennen. Neben den Zygopleuroidea enthalten »Loxonematoidea« auch der GattungLoxonema ähnlich Formen wiePolygyrina, die ein charakteristisches Larvalgehäuse besitzt. Mit paläozoischen Formen lassen sich nähere Verbindungen vermuten. Unter den jüngeren Gastropoden besteht möglicherweise eine Verwandtschaft zu den Stromboidea. Durch die Abtrennung der Zygopleuroidea und ihrer Zuweisung zu den Ctenoglossa werden Loxonematoidea vorläufig neu definiert und den Mesogastropoda zugeordnet.

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  1. Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, 2000, Hamburg

    Klaus Bändel

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Bändel, K. Über triassische »Loxonematoidea« und ihre beziehungen zu rezenten und paläozoischen schnecken. Paläont. Z. 65, 239–268 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02989844

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