Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A wind tunnel for measuring the gaseous losses of environmental chemicals from the soil/plant system under field-like conditions

  • Research Articles
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Volatilization from treated areas is a major source of pesticide residues in air, fog, and rain. This may lead to long-range transport of pesticide residues to remote areas. Up to now most information on pesticide volatilization has come from laboratory experiments under controlled conditions. A new system has been designed and developed to measure the volatile losses of14C-labelled chemicals after application; the method compares with agricultural practice of treating soils or plants grown in lysimeters. Sensitive analytical methods guarantee a distinction between residues of unchanged pesticide, its metabolites or14CO2 as a mineralization product released into the air.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature

  1. Anonymous: Economic Analysis Branch, Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (1989)

  2. IVA: Jahresbericht 92/93, Industrieverband Agrar e.V., Karlstr. 21, 60329 Frankfurt/M (1993)

  3. Wheatley, G. A.;Hardman, J. A.: Nature 207, 486 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Abbott, D. C.;Harrison, R. B.;O’Tatton, J. G.;Thomson, J.: Nature 208, 1317 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cohen, J. M.;Pinkerton, F. C.: Adv. Chem. Ser. 60, 163 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Siebers, J.;Gottschild, D.;Nolting, H. G.: Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 43, 191 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Oberwalder, C.;Kirchhoff, J.;Hurle, K.: Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz, Sonderh. XIII, 363 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Richards, R. P.;Kramer, J. W.;Baker, D. B.;Krieger, K. A.: Nature 327, 129 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Glotfelty, D. E.;Williams, G. H.;Freeman, H. P.;Leech, M. M.: in: Long Range Transport of Pesticides (D. A. Kurtz, Ed.). Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, 199 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Strachan, W. M. J.: in: Long Range Transport of Pesticides (D. A. Kurtz, Ed.). Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, 233 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bevenue, A.;Ogata, J. N.;Hylin, J. W.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 8, 238 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bundesregierung: Trinkwasserverordnung (TrinkwV) vom 22. 05. 1986. Bundesgesetzblatt Teil 1, Nr. 22, 760 (1986)

  13. Abbott, D. C.;Harrison, R. B.;Tatton, J. O.’G.;Thomson, J.: Nature 211, 259 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tabor, E. C.: Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 28, 569 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Compton, B.: in: Chemical Analysis of the Environment and Other Modern Techniques 5 (S. Ahuja;E. M. Cohen;T. J. Kneip;J. L. Lambert;G. Zweig, Eds.). Plenum Press, New York, London, 133 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grover, R.: in: Principles of Health and Safety in Agriculture (J. Dosman;D. J. Cockcroft, Eds.). CRC-Press, Boca Raton, Fl., 222 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Stanley, C. W.;Barney, J. E.;Helton, M. R.;Yobs, A. R.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 5, 430 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Keller, C. D.;Bidleman, T. F.: Atmos. Environ. 18, 837 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ligocki, M. P.;Pankow, F.: Anal. Chem. 57, 1138 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pyysalo, H.;Tuominen, J.;Wlckström, K.;Skyttä, E.;Tlkkanen, L.;Salomaa, S.;Sorsa, M.;Nurmela, T.;Mattila, T.;Pohjola, V.: Atmos. Environ. 21, 1167 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fairless, B. J., Bates, D. I.;Hudson, J.;Kleopfer, R. D.;HolLOWAY, T. T.;Morey, D. A.;Babb, T.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 550 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Lamb, S. L.;Petrowski, C.;Kaplan, L. R.;Simoneit, B. R. T.: J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assoc. 30, 1098 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Flgge, K.; Dommröse, A.-M.: in: Luftverunreinigung und Waldschäden am Standort “Postturm”, Forstamt Farchau/Ratzeburg (W. Michaelis; J. Bauch, Eds.) GKSS 92/E/l00, 71 (1992)

  24. Müller, J.; Helmig, D., Fritsche, U.; Iburg, J.; Spurny, K.; Kördel, W.; Klein, W.: Forschungsbericht zum Forschungsprogramm des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen “Luftverunreinigungen und Waldschäden” Nr. 11, Minister für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (1989)

  25. Holzer, G.;Shanfield, H.;Zlatkis, A.;Bertsch, W.;Juarez, P.;Mayfield, H.;Liebich, H. M.: J. Chromatogr. 142, 755 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Glotfelty, D. E.;Sieber, J. N.;Llljedahl, L. A.: Nature 325, 602 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Schomburg, C. J.;Glotfelty, D. E.;Sciber, J. N.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 25, 155 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kurtz, D. A. (Ed.): Long range transport of pesticides, Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Jury, W. A.;Winer, A. M.;Spencer, W. F.;Focht, D. D.: Rev. Env. Contam. Toxicol 99, 119 (1987)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Spencer, W. F.;Farmer, W. J.;Cliath, M. M.: Res. Rev 49, 1 (1973)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Taylor, A. W.;Spencer, W. F.: in: Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, impacts, and modeling (H. H. Cheng, Ed.). Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 213 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Burt, G. W.: J. Environ. Qual. 3, 114 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schneider, P.;Scheunert, L.;Kettrup, A.: Sci. Total Environ. 123, 391 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Farmer, W. J.;Igue, K.;Spencer, W. F.;Martin, J. P.: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36, 443 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Willis, G. H.;Mc Dowell, L. L.;Harper, L. A.;Southwick, L. M.;Smith, S.: J. Environ. Qual. 12, 80 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Oberwalder, C: Ph. D. Thesis University Hohenheim, Fakultät III, Agrarwissenschaften I (1993)

  37. Jury, W. A.;Farmer, W. F.;Spencer, W. F.: J. Environ. Qual. 13, 567 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Spencer, W. F.;Cliath, M. M.;Jury, W. A.;Zhang, L.-Z.: J. Environ. Qual. 17, 504 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Guenzi, W. D.;Beard, W. E.: in: Pesticides in Soil and Water. (W. D. Guenzi, Ed.), Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Inc., Madison, Wi. USA, 107 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Spencer, W. F.: in: Proc. Internat. Symp. on Pesticides in the Soil; East Lansing, Mich. State Univ., 120 (1970)

  41. Spencer, W. F.;Cliath, M. M.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 22, 987 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pestemer, W.; Krasel, G.: Proc. BCPC, 459 (1992)

  43. Boehncke, A.; Siebers, J.; Nolting, H.-G.: UBA-Forschungsbericht Nr. 89-126 05 008/02 (1989)

  44. Dörfler, U.;Adler-Köhler, R.;Schneider, P.;Scheunert, I.;Korte, F.: Chemosphere 23, 485 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Döfler, U.;Schneider, P.;Scheunert, I.: Toxic. Environ. Chem. 31-32, 87 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Krasel, G.; Pestemer, W.: in: 8th EWRS Symp. Quantitative Approaches in Weed and Herbicide Research and their Practical Application, Braunschweig, 399 (1993)

  47. Müller, T.: Diplom Diss. University Hohenheim (1993)

  48. Woodrow, J. E.;Seiber, J. N.;Kim, Y.-H.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 783 (1986)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Atallah, Y. H.;Whitacre, D. M.;Hoo, B. L.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22, 570 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gülkel, W.;Rittig, F.;Synnatschke, G.: Pestic. Sci. 5, 393 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Turner, B. C.;Glotfelty, D. E.;Taylor, A. W.;Watson, D. R.: Agron. J. 70, 933 (1978)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Thomas, R. G.: Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. (W. J. Lyman, W. F. Reehl;D. H. Rosenblatt, Eds.) McGraw-Hill, New York, 16–1 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Decker, G. C.;Weinman, C. J.;Bann, J. M.: J. Econ. Entomol. 43, 919 (1950)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Burkhard, N.;Guth, J. A.: Pestic. Sci. 12, 37 (1981)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Grover, R.: Weed Sci. 23, 529 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Farmer, W. J.;Igue, K.;Spencer, W. F.;Martin, J. P.: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36, 443 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sanders, P. F.;McChesney, M. M.;Sciber, J. N.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35, 569 (1985)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Gray, R. A.: Weeds 13, 138 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hollingsworth, E. B.: Weed Sci. 28, 224 (1980)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Gillett, J. W.;Gile, J. D.: Int. J. Environ. Studies 10, 15 (1976)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Figge, K.;Klahn, J.: GIT Fachz. Lab. 26, 680 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Nash, R. G.;Beall, M. L.;Harris, W. G.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 25, 336 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Kubiak, R.;Maurer, T.;Eichhorn, K. W.: Sci. Total Environ. 132, 115 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Rüdel, H.; Waymann, B.: Proc. BCPC, 841 (1992)

  65. Bundesregierung: Gesetz zum Schutz der Kulturpflanzen (Pflanzenschutzgesetz - PflSchG). Bundesgesetzblatt Teil 1, Nr. 49, 1505 (1986)

  66. Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft: Richtlinie IV, 6-1, BBA, Abt. f. Pflanzenschutzm. u. Anwendungstechnik, Braunschweig (1990)

  67. Krasel, G.;Maas, G. Pestemer, W.: Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 44, 1 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Fritz, R.; Kersting, E.; Kuck, K.H.: Proc. BCPC, 829 (1992)

  69. Taylor, A. W.;Spencer, W. F.: in: Pesticides in the Soil Environment: Processes, impacts, and modeling (H. H. Cheng, Ed.). Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 213 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Woodrow, J. E.;McChesney, M. M.;Sciber, J. N.: in: Long Range Transport of Pesticides (D. A. Kurtz, Ed.). Lewis Publ. Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, 61 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Majewski, M. S.;Glotfelty, D. E.;Tha Paw, U. K.;Sciber, N.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1490 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Führ, F.;Steffens, W.;Mittelstaedt, W.;Brumhard, B.: in: Pesticide Chemistry (H. Frehse, Ed.). Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 37 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Führ, F.; Steffens, W.; Mittelstaedt, W.; Brumhard, B.: Revised Offprint of Annual Report 1988/89 of Research Center Jülich GmbH (1990).

  74. Steffens, W.;Mittelstaedt, W.;Stork, A.;Führ, F.: in: Lysimeter Studies of the Fate of Pesticides in the Soil (F. FÜHR, R. J. Hance, Eds). BCPC Monograph No. 53. The Lavenham Press Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, 21 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Führ, F.;Hance, R. J. (Eds.): Lysimeter Studies of the Fate of Pesticides in the Soil, BCPC Monograph No. 53, The Lavenham Press Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  76. Pütz, T.: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich, JÜL 2812 (1993)

  77. Kubiak, R.;Führ, F.;Mittelstaedt, W.;Hansper, M.;Steffens, W.: Weed Sci. 36, 514 (1988)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kubiak, R.;Führ, F.;Mittelstaedt, W.: Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 39, 47 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Hansper, M.: Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Jül 2067 (1986)

  80. Stork, A.; Mittelstaedt, W.; Radtschenko, G.; Führ, F.: Z. PflKrankh. PflSchutz, Sonderheft XIV, 693 (1994)

  81. Brumhard, B.;Führ, F.: in: Lysimeter Studies of the Fate of Pesticides in the Soil (F. Führt;R. J. Hance, Eds.). BCPC Monograph No. 53, The Lavenham Press Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, 103 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Brumhard, B.: Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, Jül 2465 (1991)

  83. Gatzweiler, E.: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich (1994, in preparation)

  84. Ruschewqyh, H.;Remberg, H.-W.: Chem.-Ing.-Techn. 56, 562 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Zeuner, G.; Heinemann, K.: Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich, JÜL 2388 (1990)

  86. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure: VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft. VDI-Richtlinie 2066, Blatt 1 (1975)

  87. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure: VDI-Handbuch Reinhaltung der Luft. VDI-Richtlinie 2066, Blatt 2 (1981)

  88. Katz, M. (Ed.): Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 2nd edition (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Pankow, J. F.: in: Long Range Transport of Pesticides. (D. A. Kurtz, Ed.). Lewis Publ. Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, USA, 97 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Pankow, J. F.: Atmos. Environ. 21, 2275 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Junge, C. E.: in: Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environment, Part I (J. H. Suffet, Ed.). Wiley-Interscience, New York, 7 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Bidleman, T. F.; Billings, W. N.; Foreman, W. T.: in: Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants. (R. A. Hites; S. J. Eisenreich, Eds.). Advan. Chem. Ser. 216, American Chemical Society, 27 (1987)

  93. Yamasaki, H.;Kuwata, K.;Miyamoto, H.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 189 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Winberry, W. T.;Forehand, L.;Murphy, N. T.;Ceroli, A.;Phinney, B.; EVANS, A.: Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air. Chapter IP-10, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, New York, EPA/600/4-90/010 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Niehaus, R.;Scheulen, B.;Dürbeck, H. W.: Sci. Total Environ. 99, 163 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Fendinger, N. J.;Glotfelty, D. E.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9, 731 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Rippen, G.: Handbuch der Umweltchemikalien, 3. Ergänzungslieferung, ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft, Landsberg (1989)

  98. Kidd, H.;James, D. R. (Eds.): The Agrochemicals Handbook, 3rd ed., Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Spenler, W. F.;Shoup, T. D.;Cliath, M. M.;Farmer, W. J.;Haque, R.: J. Agric. Food Chem 27, 273 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Figge, K.;Rabel, W.;Wieck, A.: Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 327, 261 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Winkelmann, I.; Gesewsky, P.; Vogl, K.; Schwibach, J.: ISH-Report, Institut für Strahlenhygiene des Bundesgesundheitsamtes, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg (1982)

  102. Evers, C.: Internal Report of the Institute of Radioagronomy IRA 6/93, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (1993)

  103. Woodrow, J. E.;Sciber, J. N.;Crosby, D. G.;Moilanen, K. W.;Soderquist, C. J.;Mourer, C.: Arch. Environ. Contarn. Toxicol. 6, 175 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Unpublished results of Parlar, H., University Kassel, Germany (personal communication)

  105. Timme, G.;Frehse, H.;Laska, V.: Pflanzenschutznachr. Bayer 39, 188 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  106. Unpublished results of Maestracchi, M., Rhône Poulenc Agro, Lyon, France (personal communication)

  107. Unpublished results of Fritz, R., Bayer AG, Monheim, Germany (personal communication)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Radioagronomy, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (KFA), D-52425, Jülich, Germany

    Andreas Stork, Raphael Witte & Fritz Führ

Authors
  1. Andreas Stork
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Raphael Witte
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fritz Führ
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stork, A., Witte, R. & Führ, F. A wind tunnel for measuring the gaseous losses of environmental chemicals from the soil/plant system under field-like conditions. Environ Sci & Pollut Res 1, 234–245 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986536

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986536

Keywords

Search

Navigation