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Quantitative vapor phase exciplex fluorescence measurements at high ambient temperature and pressure

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Abstract

The exciplex fluorescence technique with the TMPD (tetamethyl-p-phenylene-diamine) / naphthalene dopant system was applied in a combustion-type constant-volume spray chamber. A detailed set of calibration experiments has been performed in order to quantify the TMPD fluorescence signal. It has been demonstrated that the TMPD fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to concentration, was independent of the chamber pressure, and was not sensitive to quenching by either water vapor or carbon dioxide. Using a dual heated-jet experiment, the temperature dependence of TMPD fluorescence up to 1000 K was measured. The temperature field in the spray images was determined using a simple mixing model, and an iterative solution method was used to determine the concentration and temperature field including the additional effects of the laser sheet extinction. The integrated fuel vapor concentration compared favorably with the measured amount of injected fuel when all of the liquid fuel had evaporated.

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Abbreviations

Cp :

Specific heat

Cgas :

TMPD concentration [mol/l]

f:

Photophysical function defined as Eq.(3)

hc/λ:

Energy of the fluorescence photon

hu :

latent heat of vaporization

l0 :

Incident intensity of the laser sheet [W/cm2]

K:

Absolute calibration constant

L:

Distance that the laser sheet has traveled [cm]

MW:

Molecular weight

N:

Number density [cm-3]

P:

Pressure

R:

Gas constant

S:

Spray tip penetration or pixel intensity on the camera [pixel count]

T:

Temperature

t:

Time

V:

Measurement volume

x:

Spray axial position or mole fraction

y:

Spray radial position

ε:

Molar extinction coefficient [(l/molcm]

φ:

Local equivalence ratio within the fuel vapor field

ηc :

Fluorescence efficiency (Stern-Vollmer factor)

η:

Detection effincy

λ:

Wavelength

θ:

Spray spreading angle

p:

Ratio of the fuel to the ambient density

σ:

Absorption coefficient [cm2] or unit standard deviation

Ω :

Collection solid angle

a or amb:

Ambient

cal:

Calibration reference condition

f:

Fuel

i:

Initial state

int:

Intermediate state at which the fuel vaporized

LIF :

laser induced fluorescence

l or liquid:

liquid

mix :

Adiabatic (final) mixture state

st :

Stoichiometric condition

v orvapor :

Vapor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, 53706, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Tongwoo Kim & Jaal B. Ghandhi

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  1. Tongwoo Kim
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  2. Jaal B. Ghandhi
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Correspondence to Tongwoo Kim.

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Kim, T., Ghandhi, J.B. Quantitative vapor phase exciplex fluorescence measurements at high ambient temperature and pressure. KSME International Journal 17, 157–167 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02984297

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