Abstract
By means of a modelling experiment we followed the fate of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in the production of bioethanol from grain.
The experiment has been performed at the ‘Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin e.V.’ A total of 33 kg. triticale with a concentration of 3.2 mg/kg DON and 0.035 mg/kg ZEA were treated with water and enzymes which yielded the mash. By adding yeasts the mixture was then brought to formentation. Finally, the alcohol was obtained by destillation.
The residue was dried by centrifugation to a content of 25% dry matter and put in silage tubes. In each part of the whole process test samples were taken and the content of DON and ZEA was determined. After three month the silage was scraped out from the tubes and analyzed, too. The mycotoxins were analyzed by HPLC with DAD and HPLC with fluorescence detection, corresponding to VDLUFA-methods.
The balance of the mycotoxin contents showed no loss of DON in the process. For ZEA, however, a deficit of about 35% was noted. Because of the mass loss during starch fermentation (33 kg grain yield 8 kg draff) the mycotoxin contents were enhanced by a factor of 2 to 4.
DON is well dissolved in water and therefore partially washed out by filtration of the mash. As the whole process is performed in practice as a cycle, the filtrate with DON is permanently recycled in the brewery process. Therefore the mycotoxin concentration in the original grain should not exceed the legal EU boundary values of 1.25 mg/kg DON and 0.1 mg/kg ZEA.
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Literatur
VDLUFA-Methodenbuch Bd. III „Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln”, Kap. 16.12.1
VDLUFA-Methodenbuch Bd. III „Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln”, Kap. 16.9.2
Verordnung (EG) Nr. 856/2005 der Kommission vom 06. Juni 2005 zur Änderung der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 466/2001 in Bezug auf Fusarientoxine (Abl. Nr. L143/3; 07.06.2005)
Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten (BML), Orientierungswerte zur Mykotoxinbelastung von Futtermitteln mit Deoxynivalenol und Zearalenon im Rahmen des §3 des deutschen Futtermittelgesetzes; 30.06.2000 (Quelle: VDM 27/00, S. 2–3).
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Hanschmann, G., Krieg, D. Verhalten von Mykotoxinen bei der Ethanolerzeugung aus Getreide. Mycotox Res 22, 174–177 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02959272
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02959272