Abstract
In the present study, the effects of preservatives, “Luprosil®” (propionic acid) and “Gasol” (contains organic acids and some additional compounds) on the growth of mycelium and the toxin content of stored grain (oats) infected by Fusarium and containing zearalenone have been examined.
The toxin quantity was determined before adding the preservatives quantitatively (by liquid chromatography) from the ether extracts of oats cultures and semiquantitatively (by bioassay) from the solid residues of the extracted grain cultures. The total amount of toxin in the contaminated grain was proved to be 2.5 mg per g of dry matter.
Preservatives were added to the grain which contained 37 % of dry matter: “Luprosil®” 0.08 ml and “Gasol” 0.12 ml/g dry matter applying average or slightly high recommended doses.
The two preservatives completely prevented the growth of a visible mycelium. Propionic acid (“Luprosil®”) had no influence on the toxin content of oats. “Gasol” decreased the percentage of the total toxin about 60 % in 3 days, 85 % in 14 days and 90 % in 28 days.
Further investigations into this subject are now proceeding.
Sammanfattning
Två konserveringsmedel för spannmål, „Luprosil®“ (verksam betåndsdel propionsyra) och „Gasol“ (organiska syror jämte tilläggsmedel) undersöktes beträffande effekten på mycelieväxten och toxinhalten i spannmål (havre) kontaminerat med Fusarium graminearum och innehållande toxinet zearalenon.
Innan konserveringsmedlen tillsattes bestämdes toxinhalten i havrekulturerna genom vätskekromatografi på eterextrakt. Eventuellt kvarbliven östrogen effekt i mediet bestämdes semikvantitativt med biologisk test på juvenila honråttor. Den totala mängden toxin i det kontaminerade spannmålet visade sig vara 2,5 mg/g torrsubstans. Torrsubstanshalten var 37 %.
Den använda mängden konserveringsmedel per gram torrsubstans var 0,08 ml för „Luprosil®“ och 0,12 ml för „Gasol“, motsvarande 1–1½ gånger den rekommenderade koncentrationen för respektive medel.
Båda konserveringsmedlen förhindrade fullständigt växten av mycelium. Toxininnehållet i havren påverkades inte av propionsyra („Luprosil®“), däremot förorsakade „Gasol“ inom 3 dagar en minskning på 60 % i den initiala toxinhalten. Efter 2 veckor var minskningen 85 % och efter 4 veckor 90 %.
Undersökningar beträffande verkningssättet fortgår.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brambell, F. W. R.: The Transmission of Passive Immunity from Mother to Young. American Elsevier Publ. Comp., New York 1970.
Dalsgaard, K., E. Overby, J. J. Metzger & A. Basse: Rapid method for screening of immunoglobulins in porcine fetuses, using rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Application of an interspecies reaction between human and porcine µ-chain. Acta vet scand. 1979, 20, 313–320.
Ellis, W. A., E. F. Logan & J. J. O’Brian: Serum immunoglobulins in aborted and non-aborted bovine fetuses. Clin. exp. Immunol. 1978, 33, 136–141.
Horner, G. W., R. H. Johnson, D. P. Dennett & W. R. Lane: A serological study of bovine foetal immunoglobulins. Aust. vet. J. 1973, 49, 325–329.
Hubbert, W. T., O. H. V. Stalheim & G. D. Booth: Changes in organ weights and fluid volumes during growth of the bovine fetus. Growth 1972, 36, 217–233.
Jensen, M. Holm: Detection of antibodies against hog cholera virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in porcine serum. Acta vet. scand. 1981, 22, 85–98.
Kirkbride, C. A., D. Martinovich & D. A. Woodhouse: Immunoglobulins and lesions in aborted bovine foetuses. N. Z. vet. J. 1977, 25, 180–187.
Miller, R. B. & P. J. Quinn: Observations on abortion in cattle: a comparison of pathological, microbiological and immunological findings in aborted foetuses and foetuses collected at abattoirs. Canad. J. comp. Med. 1975, 39, 270–290.
Ohmann, H. Bielefeldt: I. The bovine Immune System. II. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus-infections. Ph.D. thesis, Copenhagen 1981.
Ohmann, H. Bielefeldt, M. Holm Jensen, K. J. S0rensen & K. Dalsgaard: Demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in cryostat- and paraffin-sections of bovine tissues by the immunoperoxidase technique. Acta path, microbiol. scand. Sect. C 1981 a, 89, in press.
Ohmann, H. Bielefeldt, M. Holm Jensen, K. J. S0rensen & K. Dalsgaard: Experimental fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). In preparation, 1981 b.
Olitzki, A. L.: Studies on the antigenic structure of virulent and nonr virulent Brucellae with the aid of agar gel precipitation technique. Brat. J. exp. Pathol. 1959, 40, 432–440.
Sawyer, M., B. L Osburn, H. D. Knight & J. W. Kendrick: A quantitative serologic assay for diagnosing congenital infections of cattle. Amer. J. vet. Res. 1973, 34, 1281–1284.
Schultz, R. D.: Developmental aspects of the fetal bovine immune response: a review. Cornell Vet. 1973, 63, 507–535.
Schultz, R. D., F. Confer & H. W. Dunne: Occurrence of blood cells and serum proteins in bovine fetuses and calves. Ganad. J. comp. Med. 1971, 35, 93–98.
Silverstein, A. M., G. J. Thorbecke, K. L. Kroner & R. J. Lukes: Foetal responses to antigenic stimulus. III. Gamma-globulin production in normal and stimulated foetal lambs. J. Immunol. 1963, 91, 384–395.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kallela, K., Saastamoinen, I. The Effect of Grain Preservatives on the Growth of the Fungus Fusarium Graminearum and on the Quantity of Zearalenone. Acta Vet Scand 22, 417–427 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548667
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03548667