Abstract
In vitro phosphorylation of EF-Tu was shown in cell-free extract from dormant spores ofStreptomyces coelicolor by a protein kinase present in spores. EF-Tu phosphorylation was observed on both intrinsicS. coelicolor factor and externally added purified EF-Tu fromS. aureofaciens, on two isoforms. Putative serine and threonine residues as potential phosphorylation targets were determined in primary sequence and demonstrated on 3D structure model of EF-Tu.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beck B.D., Arscott P.G., Jacobson A.: Novel properties of bacterial elongation factor Tu.Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA 75, 1250–1254 (1978).
Bentley S.D., Chater K.F., Cerdeno-Tarraga A.M., Challis G.L., Thomson N.R., James K.D., Harris D.E., Quail M.A., Kieser H., Harper D., Bateman A., Brown S., Chandra G., Chen C.W., Collins M., Cronin A., Fraser A., Goble A., Hidalgo J., Hornsby T., Howarth S., Huang C.H., Kieser T., Larke L., Murphy L., Oliver K., O’Neil S., Rabbinowitsch E., Rajandream M.A., Rutherford K., Rutter S., Seeger K., Saunders D., Sharp S., Squares R., Squares S., Taylor K., Warren T., Wietzorrek A., Woodward J., Barrell B.G., Parkhill J., Hopwood D.A.: Complete genome sequence of the model actinomyceteStreptomyces coelicolor A3(2).Nature 417, 141–147 (2002).
Blom N., Gammeltoft S., Brunak S.: Sequence and structure-based prediction of eukaryotic protein phosphorylation sites.J.Mol.Biol. 294, 1351–1362 (1999).
Chater K.F.: Regulation of sporulation inStreptomyces coelicolor A3(2): a checkpoint multiplex?Curr.Opin.Microbiol. 4, 667–673 (2001).
Cozzone A.J.: Post-translational modification of proteins by reversible phosphorylation in prokaryotes.Biochimie 80, 43–48 (1998).
Dombou M., Bhide S.V., Mizushima S.: Appearance of elongation factor Tu in the outer membrane of sucrose-dependent spectinomycin-resistant mutants ofEscherichia coli.Eur.J.Biochem. 113, 397–403 (1981).
Guex N., Peitsch M.C.: Swiss-Model and the Swiss-PdbViewer: an environment for comparative protein modelling.Electrophoresis 18, 2714–2723 (1997).
Hong S., Matsumoto A., Horinouchi S., Beppu T.: Effects of protein kinase inhibitors onin vitro protein phosphorylation and cellular differentiation ofStreptomyces griseus.Mol.Gen.Genet. 236, 347–354 (1993).
Jacobson G.R., Rosenbusch J.P.: Abundance and membrane association of elongation factor Tu inE. coli.Nature 261, 23–26 (1976).
Kieser T., Bibb M.J., Buttner M.J., Chater K.F., Hopwood D.A.: Growth and preservation ofStreptomyces, pp. 75–77 inPractical StreptomycesGenetics. The John Innes Foundation, Norwich (UK) 2000.
Krab I.M., Parmeggiani A.: EF-Tu, a GTPase odyssey.Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1443, 1–22 (1998).
Laemmli U.K.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature 227, 680–685 (1970).
Lippmann C., Lindschau C., Vijgenboom E., Schroder W., Bosch L., Erdmann V.: Prokaryotic elongation factor Tu is phosphorylatedin vivo.J.Biol.Chem. 268, 601–607 (1993).
Mikulík K., Zhulanova E.: Sequencing of thetufl gene and the phosphorylation pattern of EF-Tul during development and differentiation inStreptomyces collinus producing kirromycin.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 213, 454–461 (1995).
Mikulík K., Bobek J., Bezoušková S., Benada O., Kofroňová O.: Expression of proteins and protein kinase activity during germination of aerial spores ofStreptomyces granaticolor.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 299, 335–342 (2002).
Nguyen L.D., Holub M., Kalachová L., Weiserová M., Kormanec J., Benada O., Kofroňová O., Weiser J.: Post-translational modification(s) and cell distribution ofStreptomyces aureofaciens translation elongation factor Tu overproduced inEscherichia coli.Folia Microbiol. 50, 393–400 (2005a).
Nguyen L.D., Kalachová L., Novotná J., Holub M., Kofroňová O., Benada O., Thompson C.J., Weiser J.: Cultivation system using glass beads immersed in liquid medium facilitates studies ofStreptomyces differentiation.Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 71, 2848–2852 (2005b).
Nováková L., Nádvorník R., Vomastek T., Janeček J., Branny P.: Effect of phosphate on the expression of protein-Ser/Thr kinase Pkg2 inStreptomyces granaticolor.Folia Microbiol. 50, 503–508 (2005).
O’Farrell P.H.: High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins.J.Biol.Chem. 250, 4007–4021 (1975).
Petříčková K., Petříček M.: Eukaryotic-type protein kinases inStreptomyces coelicolor: variations on a common theme.Microbiology 149, 1609–1621 (2003).
Petříčková K., Tichý P., Petříček M.: Cloning and characterization of thepknA gene fromStreptomyces coelicolor A3(2), coding for the Mn2+ dependent protein Ser/Thr kinase.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 279, 942–948 (2000).
Rabilloud T.: A comparison between low background silver diammine and silver nitrate protein stains.Electrophoresis 13, 429–439 (1992).
Reddy P., Miller D., Peterkofsky A.: Stimulation ofEscherichia coli adenylate cyclase activity by elongation factor Tu, a GTP-binding protein essential for protein synthesis.J.Biol.Chem. 261, 11448–11451 (1986).
Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N., Peitsch M.C.: Swiss-Model: an automated protein homology-modeling server.Nucl.Acids Res. 31, 3381–3385 (2003).
Umeyama T., Lee P.C., Horinouchi S.: Protein serine/threonine kinases in signal transduction for secondary metabolism and morphogenesis inStreptomyces.Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol. 59, 419–425 (2002).
Weiser J., Mikulík K., Žižka Z., Šťastná J., Janda I., Jiráňová A.: Isolation and characterization ofStreptomyces aureofaciens protein-synthesis elongation factor Tu in an aggregated state.Eur.J.Biochem. 129, 127–132 (1982).
Weiser J., Morava P., Vohradský J.: Content, distribution and stability of protein-synthesis elongation factor Tu in subcellular fractions of vegetative cells and spores ofStreptomyces aureofaciens.FEMS Microbiol.Lett. 65, 11–16 (1989).
Young C., Bernlohr R.: Elongation factor Tu is methylated in response to nutrient deprivation inEscherichia coli.J.Bacteriol. 173, 3096–3100 (1991).
Young C.C., Alvarez J.D., Bernlohr R.W.: Nutrient-dependent methylation of a membrane-associated protein ofEscherichia coli.J.Bacteriol. 172, 5147–5153 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by theGrant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant no. 204/03/1014),Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (grant no. IAA 600 200 702) and byInstitutional Research Concept no. AV OZ 5020 0510.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Holub, M., Bezoušková, S., Kalachová, L. et al. Protein synthesis elongation factor Tu present in spores ofStreptomyces coelicolor can be phosphorylatedin vitro by the spore protein kinase. Folia Microbiol 52, 471–478 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02932106
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02932106