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Mammalian antibiotic peptides

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Abstract

The increasing development of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics has reached alarming levels, thus creating a strong need to develop new antimicrobial agents. These new antibiotics should possess novel mechanisms of action and different cellular targets compared with existing antimicrobials. Recent discoveries and isolations of so-called animal antibiotics, mostly small cationic peptides, which represent a potent branch of natural immunity, offered the possibility to acquire new and effective antibiotics of this provenance. To this date, more than 500 antibiotic peptides have been distinguished and defined. Their antimicrobial properties present new opportunities for their use as antibiotics or for construction of their more effective derivatives, but much research is still required to pave the way to their practical use. This is a survey of substances forming an armamentarium of natural immunity of mammals.

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Abbreviations

α-MSH:

α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

ACTH:

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Bac 5, Bac 7:

bactenectins

BMAP-28:

bovine myeloid antibacterial protein

BNBD:

bovine β-defensin

BPI:

bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein

CAP37:

cationic antimicrobial protein (azurocidin, serprocidin, HBP)

CLCP:

chymotrypsin-like cationic protein

ECP:

eosinophil cationic protein

EDN:

eosinophil-derived neurotoxin

GALT:

gut-associated lymphoid tissue

HBD-1:

human β-defensin

HBP:

heparin-binding protein

HCMV:

human cytomegalovirus

HD-5, HD-6:

human α-defensins

hMBP-1:

human major basic protein-1

HNP:

human α-defensins

IL-1β:

interleukin 1β

LAP:

lingual antimicrobial peptide

LBP:

lipopolysaccharide-binding protein

LL-37:

lysine-rich linear peptide

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

MAC:

membrane attacking complex

NF-κB:

nuclear factor κB

NP-1, -2, -3a, -3b, -4, -5:

rabbit neutrophil α-defensins

PG-1, -2, -3:

protegrins

PLA2 :

phospholipases A2

PMAP-23, -36, -37:

pig mycloid antibacterial peptides

PMN:

polymorphonuclear leukocytes

PMP:

platelet microbicidal protein

PR-39:

proline/arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide

RL-37:

rhesus monkey cathelicidin

RTD:

defensin-related precursors

SLPI:

secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor

TAP:

tracheal antimicrobial peptide

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor α

tPMP:

thrombin-activated platelet microbicidal protein

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  1. Division of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20, Prague, Czechia

    P. Šíma & I. Trebichavský

  2. Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20, Prague, Czechia

    K. Sigler

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The work associated with the topic of this review was supported by theGrant Agency of the Czech Republic (grants 524/01/0917 and 301/02/1232), by theGrant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (grant S 502 0202) and by theInstitutional Research Concept AV 0Z 502 0903.

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Šíma, P., Trebichavský, I. & Sigler, K. Mammalian antibiotic peptides. Folia Microbiol 48, 123–137 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02930945

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02930945

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