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On the functional formulation of quantum field theory

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Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)

Summary

This paper describes a functional formulation of Euclidean quantum field theory, based on a complete equivalence with classical statistical mechanics. One introduces an extra time variable and sets up a canonical scheme with new Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions. The generating functional is then defined as the Gibbs average over the ensemble. This allows us, in particular, to control in a simple way the invariance properties of the integration measure. In several cases of physical interest it is seen that the invariance requirement leads to extra determinantal factors in the integration volume and, therefore, to a set of improved Feynman rules. In particular, enforcing dilatation invariance for the generating functional is shown to lead to a nonzero background,i.e. to spontaneous breaking of the symmetry. The application of the method to constrained systems is discussed in detail and in the case of Yang-Mills theories the Faddeev-Popov prescription for quantization is reproduced with remarkable simplicity. A discussion of the functional quantization of gravity is also offered.

Riassunto

In questo lavoro si discute la formulazione funzionale di una teoria di campo euclidea, che si basa su una completa equivalenza con la meccanica statistica classica. S'introduce per questo una variabile temporale in piú e si costruisce uno schema canonico con nuove funzioni lagrangiane e hamiltoniane. Il funzionale generatore è poi definito come la media alla Gibbs sull'insieme. Ciò permette, in particolare, di controllare in modo semplice le proprietà d'invarianza della misura. Si fa notare come in alcuni casi d'interesse fisico il requisito d'invarianza porti alla comparsa nel volume d'integrazione di determinanti di operatori e pertanto a nuove regole di Feynman. In particolare l'invarianza rispetto a dilatazioni dà luogo a un valore medio del campo sul vuoto non nullo e quindi a una rottura spontanea della simmetria. Si discute in dettaglio l'applicazione del metodo a sistemi vincolati e nel caso di teorie di Yang-Mills la prescrizione di Faddeev-Popov per quantizzare è riprodotta molto semplicemente. Si esamina anche la quantizzazione della gravitazione nell'àmbito del metodo funzionale proposto.

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This work has been partially supported by the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione under a grant 1982.

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de Alfaro, V., Fubini, S. & Furlan, G. On the functional formulation of quantum field theory. Nuov Cim A 74, 365–412 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02902535

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02902535

PACS. 11.10

PACS. 03.65

PACS. 04.60

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