Skip to main content
Log in

Biochemical properties of vascular endothelial cells

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Virchows Archiv B

Summary

Present knowledge in the field of vascular endothelial cells is reviewed. The role of endothelial cells in the synthesis of matrix proteins and glycosaminoglycans is described. Endothelial cells play a considerable role in the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis. They also interact with neurotransmitters and vasomotoric substances, and participate in inflammation and immunological responses. They procuce several different growth factors. Their role in lipoprotein metabolism is of special importance to research into atherosclerosis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Astaldi GCB (1983) Use of human endothelial cell culture supernatant (HECS) as a growth factor for hybridomas. Methods Enzymol 92:39–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach R, Alby L, Grieves J, Joseph J, Lingren C, Morrissey LW, Sidky Y A, Tu M, Watt SL (1982) Monoclonal antibody against angiotensin-converting enzyme: Its use as a marker for murine, bovine, and human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:7891–7895

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azuma H, Ishikawa M, Sekizaki S (1986) Endothelium-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation. Br J Pharmacol 88:411–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagby GC, Dinarello CA, Wallace P, Wagner C, Hefeneider S, McCall E (1986) Interleukin 1 stimulates granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating activity release by vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 78:1316–1323

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker DP, van Lenten BJ, Fogelman AM, Edwards PA, Kean C, Berliner JA (1984) LDL, scavenger, and -VLDL receptors on aortic endothelial cells. Arteriosclerosis 4:248–255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes MJ, Morton LF, Levene CI (1978) Synthesis of interstitial collagens by pig aortic endothelial cells in culture. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 84:646–653

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bennet HS, Luft JH, Hampton JC (1959) Morphological classifications of vertebrate blood capillaries. Am J Physiol 196:381–390

    Google Scholar 

  • Birdwell CR, Gospodarowicz D, Nicolson GL (1978) Identification, localization, and role of fibronectin in cultured bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:3273–3277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomhoff R, Drevon CA, Eskild W, Helgerud P, Norum KR, Berg T (1984) Clearance of acetyl low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial cells. Implications for hepatic cholesterol metabolism. J Biol Chem 259:8898–8903

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Born GVR, Cross MJ (1963) The aggregation of blood platelets. J Physiol 168:178–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brinton EA, Kenargy RD, Oram JF, Bierman EL (1985) Regulation of high density lipoprotein binding activity of aortic endothelial cells by treatment with acetylated low density lipoprotein. Arteriosclerosis 5:329–335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broudy VC, Kaushansky K, Harlan JM, Adamson JW (1987) Interleukin 1 stimulates human endothelial cells to produce granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 139:464–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broudy VC, Kaushansky K, Segal GS, Harlan JM, Adamson JW (1986) Tumor necrosis factor type a stimulates human endothelial cells to produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:7467–7471

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown MS, Basu SK, Falck JR, Ho YK, Goldstein JL (1980) The scavenger cell pathway for lipoprotein degradation: Specificity of the binding site that mediates the uptake of negativelycharged LDL by macrophages. J Supramol Struct 13:67–81

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buonassisi V (1973) Sulfated mucopolysaccharide synthesis and secretion in endothelial cell cultures. Exp Cell Res 76:363–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buonassisi V, Venter JC (1976) Hormone and neurotransmitter receptors in an established vascular endothelial cell line. Proc Natl acad Sci USA 73:1612–1616

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burger DR, Ford D, Vetto RM, Hamblin A, Goldstein A, Hubbard M, Dumonde DC (1981) Endothelial cell presentation of antigen to human T cells. Human Immunol 3:209–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Børsum T, Hagen I, Henriksen T, Carlander B (1982a) Alterations in the protein composition and surface structure of human endothelial cells during growth in primary culture. Atherosclerosis 44:367–378

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Børsum T, Henriksen T, Carlander T, Reisvaag A (1982b) Injury to human cells in culture induced by low density lipoprotein: an effect independent of receptor binding and endocytotic uptake of low density lipoprotein. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 42:75–81

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Børsum T, Henriksen T, Reisvaag A (1985) Oxidized low density lipoprotein can reduce the pinocytic activity in cultured human endothelial cells as measured by cellular uptake of14C-sucrose. Atherosclerosis 58:81–96

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell PRB, Seegal BC, Hsu KC (1976) Angiotensin-converting enzyme: Vascular endothelial localization. Science 191:1050–1051

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camejo G, Lopez A, López F, Quinones J (1985) Interaction of low density lipoproteins with arterial proteoglycans. The role of charge and sialic acid conent. Atherosclerosis 55:93–105

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camussi G, Aglietta M, Malavasi F, Tetta C, Piacibello W, Sanavio F, Bussolino F (1983) The release of platelet-activating factor from human endothelial cells in culture. J Immunol 131:2397–2403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carnes WH, Abraham PA, Buonassisi V (1979) Biosynthesis of elastin by an endothelial cell culture. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 90:1393–1399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castellot JJ, Addonizio ML, Rosenberg R, Karnovsky MJ (1981) Cultured endothelial cells produce a heparinlike inhibitor of smooth muscle cell growth. J Cell Biol 90:372–379

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cerveny TJ, Fass DN, Mann KG (1984) Synthesis of coagulation factor V by cultured aortic endothelium. Blood 63:1467–1474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen LB, Gallimore PH, McDougall JK (1976) Correlation between tumor induction and the large external transformation sensitive protein on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:3570–3574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Claesson H-E, Haeggström J (1988) Human endothelial cells stimulate leukotriene synthesis and convert granulocyte released leukotriene A4 into leukotrienes B4, C4, D4 and E4. Eur J Biochem 173:93–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cocks TM, Angus JA, Campbell JH, Campbell GR (1985) Release and properties of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from endothelial cells in culture. J Cell Physiol 123:310–320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee G A, Stein O, Stein Y (1979) Uptake and degradation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) by confluent, contact-inhibited bovine and human endothelial cells exposed to physiological concentrations of LDL. Atherosclerosis 33:425–431

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colburn P, Buonassisi V (1982) Anti-clotting activity of endothelial cell cultures and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 104:220–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colvin RB, Gardner PI, Roblin RO, Verderber EL, Lanigan JM, Mosesson MW (1979) Cell surface fibrinogen-fibrin receptors on cultured human fibroblasts. Association with fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin, LETS protein) and loss in SV40 transformed cells. Lab Invest 41:464–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couchman JR, Rees DA, Green MR, Smith CG (1982) Fibronectin has a dual role in locomotion and anchorage of primary chick fibroblasts and can promote entry into the division cycle. J Cell Biol 93:402–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dahlén S-E, Björk J, Hedqvist P, Arfors K-E, Hammarström S, Lindgren J-Å, Samuelsson B (1981) Leukotrienes promote plasma leakage and leukocyte adhesion in postcapillary venules: In vivo effects with relevance to the acute inflammatory response. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3887–3891

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delvos U, Gajdusek C, Sage H, Harker LA, Schwartz SM (1982) Interactions of vascular wall cells with collagen gels. Lab Invest 46:61–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiCorleto PE (1984) Cultured endothelial cells produce multiple growth factors for connective tissue cells. Exp Cell Res 153:167–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiCorleto PE, Bowen-Pope DF (1983) Cultured endothelial cells produce a platelet-derived growth factor-like protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:1919–1923

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiCorleto PE, Gajdusek CM, Schwartz SM, Ross R (1983) Biochemical properties of the endothelium-derived growth factor: Comparison to other growth factors. J Cell Physiol 114:339–345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorer FE, Kahn JR, Lentz KE, Levine M, Skeggs LT (1974) Hydrolysis of bradykinin by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Circ Res 34:824–827

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dosne AM, Dupuy E, Bodevin E (1978) Production of a fibrinolytic inhibitor by cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein. Thromb Res 12:377–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drury AN, Szent-Györgyi A (1929) The physiological activity of adenine compounds with especial reference to their action upon the mammalian heart. J Physiol 68:214–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg S, Rachmilewitz D (1975) Interaction of rat plasma very low density lipoprotein with lipoprotein lipase-rich (postheparin) plasma. J Lipid Res 16:341–351

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis EF, Oelz O, Roberts LJ, Payne NA, Sweetman BJ, Nies AS, Oates JA (1976) Coronary arterial smooth muslce contraction by a substance released from platelets. Evidence that this is thromboxane A2. Science 193:1135–1137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Engvall E, Ruoslahti E, Miller EJ (1978) Affinity of fibronectin to collagens of different genetic types and to fibrinogen. J Exp Med 147:1584–1595

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esmon CT, Owen WG (1981) Identification of an endothelial cell cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:2249–2252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esmon NL, Owen WG, Esmon CT (1982) Isolation of a membrane-bound cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. J Biol Chem 257:859–864

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evensen SA, Galdal KS, Nilsen E (1983) LDL-induced cytotoxicity and its inhibition by anti-oxidant treatment in cultured human endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Atherosclerosis 49:23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fair DS, Marlar RA, Levin EG (1986) Human endothelial cells synthesize protein S. Blood 67:1168–1171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding PE, Vlodavsky I, Gospodarowicz D, Fielding CJ (1979) Effect of contact inhibition on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in cultured vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 254:749–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fogelman AM, Schechter I, Seager J, Hokom M, Child JS, Edwards PA (1980) Malondialdehyde alteration of low density lipoproteins leads to cholesteryl ester accumulation in human monocyte-macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:2214–2218

    Google Scholar 

  • Foidart JM, Bere EW, Yaar M, Rennard SI, Gullino M, Martin GR, Katz SI (1980) Distribution and immunoelectron microscopic localization of laminin, a noncollagenous basement membrane glycoprotein. Lab Invest 42:336–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Form DM, Pratt BM, Madri JA (1986) Endothelial cell proliferation during angiogenesis. In vitro modulation by basement membrane components. Lab Invest 55:521–530

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott RF (1984) The role of endothelium in the responses of vascular smooth muscle to drugs. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 24:175–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288:373–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fyrand O, Solum NO (1976) Heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) from dermatological patients. II. Studies on the non-clottable proteins. Identification of cold insoluble globulin as the main non-clottable component. Thromb Res 8:659–672

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gajdusek C, DiCorleto P, Ross R, Schwartz SM (1980) An endothelial cell-derived growth factor. J Cell Biol 85:467–472

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galdal KS (1984) Thromboplastin synthesis in endothelial cells. Haemostasis 14:378–385

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamse G, Fromme HG, Kresse H (1978) Metabolism of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cultured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells from bovine aorta. Biochim Biophys Acta 544:514–528

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein JL, Ho YK, Basu SK, Brown MS (1979) Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:333–337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gospodarowicz D, Ill D (1980) Extracellular matrix and control of proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 65:1351–1364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griesmacher A, Hennes R, Keller R, Greiling H (1987) Proteoglycans from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur J Biochem 168:95–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewegen G, Buurman WA (1984) Vascular endothelial cells present alloantigens to unprimed lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 19:269–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groenewegen G, Buurman WA, Jeunhomme GMAA, van der Linden CJ, Vegt PA, Kootstra G (1984) In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by vascular endothelial cells. A study with canine arterial and venous endothelial cells. Transplantation 37:206–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Habliston DL, Ryan US, Ryan JW (1978) Endothelial cells degrade adenosine-5′-diphosphate. J Cell Biol (Abstr) 79:206 a

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamberg M, Svensson J, Samuelsson B (1975) Thromboxanes: A new group of biologically active compounds derived from porstaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 72:2994–2998

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Havekes L, Mommaa-Kienhuis AM, Schouten D, de Wit E, Scheffer M, van Hinsbergh VWM (1985) High-affinity uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by confluent human vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 56:81–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedman K, Vaheri A, Wartiovaara J (1978) External fibronectin of cultured human fibroblasts is predominantly a matrix protein. J Cell Biol 76:748–760

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen T, Blomhoff R, Skretting G, Berg T, Eskild W (1987) Tissue uptake of biologically modified low density lipoprotein in the rat. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 47:269–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen T, Evensen SA (1978) Human endothelial cells in primary culture. Incorporation of acetate and mevalonate into lipids. Microvasc Res 15:339–347

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen T, Evensen SA, Carlander B (1979a) Injury to human endothelial cells in culture induced by low density lipoproteins. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 39:361–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henriksen T, Evensen SA, Carlander B (1979b) Injury to cultured endothelial cells induced by low density lipoproteins: protection by high density lipoproteins. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 39:369–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman IM, Castellot JJ (1987) Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by endothelial-synthesized extracellular matrices. Arteriosclerosis 7:463–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hessler JR, Morel DW, Lewis LJ, Chisolm GM (1983) Lipoprotein oxidation and lipoprotein-induced cytotoxicity. Arteriosclerosis 3:215–222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hessler JR, Robertson AL, Chisolm GM (1979) LDL-induced cytotoxicity and its inhibition by HDL in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in culture. Atherosclerosis 32:312–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey KA, Rubanyi G, Paul RJ, Highsmith RF (1985) Characterization of a coronary vasoconstrictor produced by cultured endothelial cells. Am J Physiol 248:C550-C556

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Hinsbergh VWM, Havekes L, Emeis JJ, van Corven E, Scheffer M (1983) Low density lipoprotein metabolism by endothelial cells from human umbilical cord arteries and veins. Arteriosclerosis 3:547–559

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschberg H, Bergh OJ, Thorsby E (1980) Antigen-presenting properties of human vascular endothelial cells. J Exp Med 152:249s-255s

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschberg H, Evensen SA, Henriksen T, Thorsby E (1974) Stimulation of human lymphocytes by allogeneic endothelial cells in vitro. Tissue Antigens 4:257–261

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirschberg H, Evensen SA, Henriksen T, Thorsby E (1975) The human mixed lymphocyte-endothelium culture interaction. Transplantation 19:495–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howards BV, Macarak EJ, Gunson D, Kefalides NA (1976) Characterization of collagen synthesized by endothelial cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73:2361–2364

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer LW, de los Santos RP, Hoyer JR (1973) Antihemophilic factor antigen. Localization in endothelial cells by immunofluorescent microscopy. J Clin Invest 52:2737–2744

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes RO, Bye JM (1974) Density and cell cycle dependence of cell surface proteins in hamster fibroblasts. Cell 3:113–120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes RO, Destree AT (1978) Relationship between fibronectin (LETS protein) and actin. Cell 15:875–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibe BO, Campbell WB (1988) Synthesis and metabolism of leukotrienes by human endothelial cells: influence on prostacyclin release. Biochim Biophys Acta 960:309–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G (1987) Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9265–9269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingerman-Wojenski C, Silver MJ, Smith JB, Macarak E (1981) Bovine endothelial cells in culture produce thromboxane as well as prostacyclin. J Clin Invest 67:1292–1296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe EA, Nachman RL, Becker CG, Minick CR (1973a) Culture from human endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins. Identification by morphologic and immunologie criteria. J Clin Invest 52:2745–2756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe EA, Hoyer LW, Nachman RL (1973 b) Synthesis of antihemophilic factor antigen by cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 52:2757–2764

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe EA, Hoyer LW, Nachman RL (1974) Synthesis of von Willebrand factor by cultured human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71:1906–1909

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe EA, Minick R, Adelman B, Becker CG, Nachman R (1976) Synthesis of basement membrane collagen by cultured human endothelial cells. J Exp Med 144:209–225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe EA, Mosher DF (1978) Synthesis of fibronectin by cultured human endothelial cells. J Exp med 147:1779–1791

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AR, Erdös EG (1977) Metabolism of vasoactive peptides by human endothelial cells in culture. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) and angiotensinase. J Clin Invest 59:684–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klebe RJ (1974) Isolation of a collagen-dependent cell attachment factor. Nature 250:248–251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin EG (1983) Latent tissue plasminogen activator produced by human endothelial cells in culture: Evidence for an enzymeinhibitor complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6804–6808

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin EG, Loskutoff DJ (1982) Cultured bovine endothelial cells produce both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. J Cell Biol 94:631–636

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loskutoff DJ, Edgington TS (1977) Synthesis of a fibrinolytic activator and inhibitor by endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3903–3907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loskutoff DJ, van Mourik JA, Erickson LA, Lawrence D (1983) Detection of an unusually stable fibrinolytic inhibitor produced by bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:2956–2960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luft JH (1966) Fine structure of capillary and endocapillary layer as revealed by ruthenium red. Fed Proc 25:1173–1183

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyberg T, Galdal KS, Evensen SA, Prydz H (1983) Cellular cooperation in endothelial cell thromboplastin synthesis. Br J Haematol 53:85–95

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macarak EJ, Howard PS (1983) Adhesion of endothelial cells to extracellular matrix proteins. J Cell Physiol 116:76–86

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macarak EJ, Kirby E, Kirk T, Kefalides NA (1978) Synthesis of cold-insoluble globulin by cultured calf endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:2621–2625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maciag T, Kadish J, Wilkins L, Stemerman MB, Weinstein R (1982) Organizational behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Cell biol 94:511–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maclntyre DE, Pearson JD, Gordon JL (1978) Localisation and stimulation of prostacyclin production in vascular cells. Nature 271:549–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Madri JA, Williams SK (1983) Capillary endothelial cell cultures: Phenotypic modulation by matrix components. J Cell Biol 97:153–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Weisgraber KH, Oh SY (1979) Altered metabolism (in vivo and in vitro) of plasma lipoproteins after selective modification of lysine residues of the apoproteins. J Clin Invest 64:743–750

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malone DG, Pierce JH, Falko JP, Metcalfe DD (1988) Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by primary cultures of unstimulated rat microvascular endothelial cells. Blood 71:684–689

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcum JA, Atha DH, Fritze LMS, Nawroth P, Stern D, Rosenberg RD (1986) Cloned bovine aortic endothelial cells synthesize anticoagulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycan. J Biol Chem 261:7507–7517

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcum JA, McKenney JB, Rosenberg RD (1984) Acceleration of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in rat hindquarters via heparinlike molecules bound to the endothelium. J Clin Invest 74:341–350

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcum JA, Rosenberg RD (1985) Heparinlike molecules with anticoagulant activity are synthesized by cultured endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 126:365–372

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mautner V, Hynes RO (1977) Surface distribution of LETS protein in relation to the cytoskeleton of normal and transformed cells. J Cell Biol 75:743–768

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard JR, Dreyer BE, Stemerman MB, Pitlick FA (1977) Tissue-factor coagulant activity of cultured human endothelial and smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Blood 50:387–396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miossec P, Cavender D, Ziff M (1986) Production of interleukin 1 by human endothelial cells. J Immunol 136:2486–2491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada S, Gryglewski R, Bunting S, Vane JR (1976) An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature 263:663–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada S, Herman AG, Higgs EA, Vane JR (1977 a) Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX or PGI2) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the anti-thrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb Res 11:323–344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moncada S, Higgs EA, Vane JR (1977 b) Human arterial and venous tissues generate prostacyclin (prostaglandin X), a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Lancet i:18–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel DW, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM (1984) Endothelial and smooth muscle cells alter low density lipoprotein in vitro by free radical oxidation. Arteriosclerosis 4:357–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moscatelli D (1986) Urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators have different distributions in cultured bovine capillary endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 30:19–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher DF (1975) Cross-linking of cold-insoluble globulin by fibrin-stabilizing factor. J Biol Chem 250:6614–6621

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosher DF, Saksela O, Keski-Oja J, Vaheri A (1977) Distribution of a major surface-associated glycoprotein, fibronectin, in cultures of adherent cells. J Supramol Struct 6:551–557

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray JJ, Fridovich I, Makhoul RG, Hagen P-O (1986) Stabilization and partial characterization of endothelium-derived relaxing factor from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141:689–696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagelkerke JF, Barto KP, van Berkel TJC (1983) In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells. J Biol Chem 258:12221–12227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagelkerke JF, Havekes L, pavan Hinsberg VWM, van Berkel TLC (1984) In vivo and in vitro catabolism of native and biologically modified LDL. FEBS Lett 171:149–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nawroth PP, McCarthy D, Kisiel W, Handley D, Stern DM (1985) Cellular processing of bovine factors X and Xa by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. J Exp Med 162:559–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neppert J, Nunez G, Stastny P (1984) HLA-A,B,C;-DR;-MT,-MB, and SB antigens on unstimulated human endothelial cells. Tissue Antigens 24:40–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Netland PA, Zetter BR, Via DP, Voyta JC (1985) In situ labelling of vascular endothelium with fluorescent acetylated low density lipoprotein. Histochem J 17:1309–1320

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nunez G, Ball EJ, Stastny P (1983) Accessory cell function of human endothelial cells. I. A subpopulation of la positive cells is required for antigen presentation. J Immunol 131:666–673

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Omini C, Moncada S, Vane JR (1977) The effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on tissues which detect prostaglandins (PG’s). Prostaglandins 14:625–632

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oohira A, Wight TN, Bornstein P (1983) Sulfated proteoglycans synthesized by vascular endothelial cells in culture. J Biol Chem 258:2014–2021

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer RMJ, Ferrige AG, Moncada S (1987) Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature 327:524–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parson DF, Subjeck JR (1972) The morphology of the polysaccharide coat of mammalian cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 265:85–113,1972

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearlstein E (1976) Plasma membrane glycoprotein which mediates adhesion of fibroblasts to collagen. Nature 262:497–500

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearlstein E, Gold LI, Garcia-Pardo A (1980) Fibronectin: a review of its structure and biological activity. Mol Cell Biochem 29:103–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson JD, Carleton JS, Hutchings A, Gordon JL (1978) Uptake and metabolism of adenosine by pig aortic endothelial and smooth-muscle cells in culture. Biochem J 170:265–271

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins ME, Ji TH, Hynes RO (1979) Cross-linking of fibronectin to sulfated proteoglycans at the cell surface. Cell 16:941–952

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heynes A du P, van den Berg DJ, Potgieter GM, Retief FP (1974) The inhibition of platelet aggregation by an aorta intima extract. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 32:417–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Pober JS, Gimbrone MA (1982) Expression of la-like antigens by human vascular endothelial cells is inducible in vitro: Demonstration by monoclonal antibody binding and immunoprecipitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:6641–6645

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pober JS, Gimbrone MA, Cotran RS, Reiss CS, Burakoff SJ, Fiers W, Ault KA (1983) la expression by vascular endothelium is inducible by activated T cells and by human γ interferon. J Exp Med 157:1339–1353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt BM, Harris AS, Morrow JS, Madri JA (1984) Mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation. Modulation of aortic endothelial cell spectrin by the extracellular matrix. Am J Pathol 117:349–354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA, Mclntyre TM (1984) Human endothelial cells in culture produce a platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phophocholine) when stimulated with thrombin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:3534–3538

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quesenberry PJ, Gimbrone MA (1980) Vascular endothelium as a regulator of granulopoiesis: Production of colony-stimulating activity of cultured human endothelial cells. Blood 56:1060–1067

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn MT, Parthasarathy S, Fong LG, Steinberg D (1987) Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: A potential role in recruitment and retention of monocytes/macrophages during atherogenesis. Proc Acad Sci USA 84:2995–2998

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao LVM, Rapaport SI, Lorenzi M (1988) Enhancement by human umbilical vein endothelial cells of factor Xa-catalyzed activation of factor VII. Blood 71:791–796

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reckless JPD, Weinstein DB, Steinberg D (1978) Lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism in rabbit arterial endothelial cells in culture. Biochim Biophys Acta 529:475–487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinders JH, de Groot PG, Gonsalves MD, Zandbergen J, Loesberg C, van Mourik JA (1984) Isolation of a storage and secretory organelle containing von Willebrand protein from cultured human endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 804:361–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers GM, Shuman MA (1983) Prothrombin is activated on vascular endothelial cells by factor Xa and calcium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:7001–7005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruoslahti E, Vaheri A (1975) Interaction of soluble fibroblast surface antigen with fibrinogen and fibrin. Identity with cold insoluble globulin of human plasma. J Exp Med 141:497–501

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan JW, Day AR, Schultz DR, Ryan US, Chung A, Marlborough DI, Dorer FE (1976a) Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (kinase II). I. Preparation of antibody-hemeoctapeptide conjugates. Tissue Cell 8:111–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan US, Ryan JW, Whitaker C, Chiu A (1976b) Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme (kinase II). II. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. Tissue Cell 8:125–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sage H, Pritzl P, Bornstein P (1981) Characterization of cell matrix associated collagens synthesized by aortic endothelial cells in culture. Biochemistry 20:436–442

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakariassen KS, Bolhuis PA, Sixma JJ (1979) Human blood platelet adhesion to artery subendothelium is mediated by factor VIII-von Willebrand factor bound to the subendothelium. Nature 279:636–638

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelsson B (1983) Leukotrienes: Mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation. Science 220:568–575

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanan DA, van der Westhuyzen DR, Gevers W, Coetzee GA (1987) The surface distribution of low density lipoprotein receptors on cultured fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Histochemistry 86:517–523

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweigerer L, Neufeld G, Friedman J, Abraham JA, Fiddes JC, Gospodarowicz D (1987) Capillary endothelial cells express basic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogen that promotes their own growth. Nature 325:257–259

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scow RO, Blanchette-Mackie EJ, Smith LC (1976) Role of capillary endothelium in the clearance of chylomicrons. A model for liquid transport by lateral diffusion in cell membranes. Circ Res 39:149–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimada K, Gill PJ, Silbert JE, Douglas WHJ, Fanburg BL (1981) Involvement of cell surface heparin sulfate in the binding of lipoprotein lipase to cultured bovine endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 68:995–1002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sieff CA, Niemeyer CM, Faller DV (1987a) The production of hematopoietic growth factors by endothelial accessory cells. Blood Cells 13:65–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sieff CA, Schickwann T, Faller DV (1987b) Interleukin 1 induces cultured human endothelial cell production of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Clin Invest 79:48–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprengers ED, Verheijen JH, van Hinsbergh VWM, Emeis JJ (1984) Evidence for the presence of two different fibrinolytic inhibitors in human endothelial cell conditioned medium. Biochim Biophys Acta 801:163–170

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stathakis NE, Mosesson MW (1977) Interactions among heparin, cold-insoluble globulin, and fibrinogen in formation of the heparin precipitable fraction of plasma. J Clin Invest 60:855–865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stathakis NE, Mosesson MW, Chen AB, Galanakis DK (1978) Cryoprecipitation of fibrin-fibrinogen complexes induced by cold-insoluble globulin of plasma. Blood 51:1211–1222

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein O, Stein Y (1976) High density lipoproteins reduce the uptake of low density lipoproteins by human endothelial cells in culture. Biochim Biophys Acta 431:363–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein O, Stein Y (1980) Bovine aortic endothelial cells display macrophage-like properties towards acetylated125I-labelled low density lipoprotein. Biochim Biophys Acta 620:631–635

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenman S, Vaheri A (1978) Distribution of a major connective tissue protein, fibronectin, in normal human tissues. J Exp Med 147:1054–1064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stenman S, Wartiowaara J, Vaheri A (1977) Changes in the distribution of a major fibroblast protein, fibronectin, during mitosis and interphase. J Cell Biol 74:453–467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern D, Brett J, Harris K, Nawroth P (1986a) Participation of endothelial cells in the protein C-protein S anticoagulant pathway: The synthesis and release of protein S. J Cell Biol 102:1971–1978

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern DM, Nawroth PP, Harris K, Esmon CT (1986b) Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells promote activated protein C-protein S-mediated inactivation of factor Va. J Biol Chem 261:713–718

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern DM, Nawroth PP, Kisiel W, Vehar G, Esmon CT (1985a) The binding of factor IXa to cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Induction of a specific site in the presence of factor VIII and X. J Biol Chem 260:6717–6722

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern D, Nawroth P, Marcum J, Handley D, Kisiel W, Rosenberg R, Stern K (1985b) Interaction of antithrombin III with bovine aortic segments. Role of heparin in binding and enhanced anticoagulant activity. J Clin Invest 75:272–279

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J-P, Cheng J, Gospodarowicz D (1980) Effect of high and low density lipoproteins on proliferation of cultured bovine vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 66:696–708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J-P, Goldminz D, Gospodarowicz D (1981 a) Up-regulation in vascular endothelial cells of binding sites of high density lipoproteins induced by 25-hydroxycholesterol. Eur J Biochem 119:327–339

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber J-P, Goldminz D, Vlodavsky I, Gospodarowicz D (1981 b) The interaction of the high-density lipoprotein with cultured cells of bovine vascular endothelium. Eur J Biochem 119:317–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschopp TB, Weiss HJ, Baumgartner HR (1974) Decreased adhesion of platelets to subendothelium in von Willebrand’s disease. J Lab Clin Med 83:296–300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueki A, Sai T, Oka H, Tabata M, Hosokawa K, Mochizuki Y (1987) Biosynthesis and secretion of the third component of complement by human endothelial cells in vitro. Immunology 61:11–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanhoutte PM, Rubanyi GM, Miller VM, Houston DS (1986) Modulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by the endothelium. Ann Rev Physiol 48:307–320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlodavsky I, Fielding PE, Fielding CJ, Gospodarowicz D (1978) Role of contact inhibition in the regulation of receptor-mediated uptake of low density lipoprotein in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75:356–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlodavsky I, Folkman J, Sullivan R, Fridman R, Ishai-Michaeli R, Sasse J, Klagsbrun M (1987 a) Endothelial cell-derived basic fibroblast growth factor: Synthesis and deposition into subendothelial extracellular matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:2292–2296

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vlodavsky I, Fridman R, Sullivan R, Sasse J, Klagsbrun M (1987b) Aortic endothelial cells synthesize basic fibroblast growth factor which remains cell associated and platelet-derived growth factor-like protein which is secreted. J Cell Physiol 131:402–408

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Voyta JC, Via DP, Butterfield CE, Zetter BR (1984) Identification and isolation of endothelial cells based on their increased uptake of acetylated-low density lipoprotein. J Cell Biol 99:2034–2040

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner CR, Vetto RM, Burger DR (1985) Expression of I-regionassociated antigen (la) and interleukin 1 by subcultured human endothelial cells. Cell Immunol 93:91–104

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner DD, Olmsted JB, Marder VJ (1982) Immunolocalization of van Willebrand protein in Weibel-Palade bodies of human endothelial cells. J Cell Biol 95:355–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warhol MJ, Sweet JM (1984) The ultrastructural localization of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 117:310–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warren HB, Pantazis P, Davies PF (1987) The third component of complement is transcribed and secreted by cultured human endothelial cells. Am J Pathol 129:9–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wedgewood JF, Hatam L, Bonagura VR (1988) Effect of interferon-y and tumor necrosis factor on the expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility molecules by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell Immunol 111:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Weibel ER, Palade GE (1964) New cytoplasmic components in arterial endothelia. J Cell Biol 23:101–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weksler BB, Marcus AJ, Jaffe EA (1977) Synthesis of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) by cultured human and bovine endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3922–3926

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whatley RE, Zimmerman GA, Mclntyre TM, Prescott SM (1988) Endothelium from diverse vascular sources synthesizes plateletactivating factor. Arteriosclerosis 8:321–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins RC, Loskutoff DJ, Cochrane CG, Griffin JH, Edgington TS (1980) Activation of rabbit Hageman factor by homogenates of cultured rabbit endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 65:197–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada KM (1978) Immunological characterization of a major transformation-sensitive fibroblast cell surface glycoprotein. J Cell Biol 78:520–541

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, Yazaki Y, Goto K, Masaki T (1988) A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 332:411–415

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ylä-Herttuala S, Jaakkola O, Solakivi T, Kuivaniemi H, Nikkari T (1986) The effect of proteoglycans, collagen and lysyl oxidase on the metabolism of low density lipoprotein by macrophages. Atherosclerosis 62:73–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zerwes H-G, Risau W (1987) Polarized secretion of a plateletderived growth factor-like chemotactic factor by endothelial cells in vitro. J Cell Biol 105:2037–2041

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman GA, Mclntyre TM, Prescott SM (1985) Thrombin stimulates the adherence of neutrophils to human endothelial cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 76:2235–2246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zsebo KM, Yuschenkoff VN, Schiffer S, Chang D, McCall E, Dinarello CA, Brown MA, Altrock B, Bagby GC (1988) Vascular endothelial cells and granulopoiesis: Interleukin 1 stimulates release of G-CSF and GM-CSF. Blood 71:99–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuckerman KS, Bagby GC, McCall E, Sparks B, Wells J, Patel V, Goodrum D (1985) A monokine stimulates production of human erythroid burst-promoting activity by endothelial cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 75:722–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Børsum, T. Biochemical properties of vascular endothelial cells. Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathol 60, 279–286 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02899558

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02899558

Key words

Navigation