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Inertial confinement fusion: Ignition of isobarically compressed D-T targets

Синтез с инерциальным удержанием. Зажигание изобарически сжатых D-T мишеней

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Il Nuovo Cimento B (1971-1996)

Summary

Ignition of initially isobaric D-T plasmas, triggered by a hot spot, surrounded by denser, cold fuel, is studied both analytically and numerically. It the conditions for self-heating of the not spot are met, then a burn wave propagates, at first through deflagration driven by α-particles, and eventually through detonation. After an initial transient phase and the self-heating stage, burn in propagated mainly by α-particle transport, while the burning region is cooled at comparable rates by heat conduction and hydrodynamic expansion. The whole process is described by means of three dimensionless quantities (related to α-particle production, thermal conductivity and α-particle transport, respectively), and, as suggested by ID numerical results, an ignition criterion is given in terms of two of them. Examples of applications show, its usefulness in target design. A condition for burn propagation is also derived.

Riassunto

L’ignizione di plasmi D-T inizialmente isobari, provocata da un «punto caldo» immerso in combustibile freddo e piú denso, è studiata analiticamente e numericamente. Se le condizioni per l’autoriscaldamento sono verificate, allora si propaga un’onda di combustione, prima come deflagrazione sostenuta dalle particelle alfa, successivamente come detonazione. Dopo un transitorio iniziale e la fase di autoriscaldamento la combustione si propaga principalmente mediante il trasporto delle alfa, mentre, la regione reagente è raffreddata con ratei, comparabili dalla conduzione termica e dall’espansione idrodinamica. L’intero processo è descritto da tre quantità adimensionali (legate alla produzione delle particelle alfa, alla conduzione termica e al trasporto delle alfa, rispetivamente) e, in base ai risultati di simulazioni numeriche monodimensionali, si presenta un criterio d’ignizione in termini di due sole di esse. Esempi di applicazione ne mostrano l’utilità nel progetto dei bersagli. È stata anche ottenuta una condizione per la propagazione dell’onda di combustione.

Резюме

Аналитически и численно исследуется зажигание первоначально изобарической D-T плазмы, окруженной плотням, холодным топливом. Эсли условия для самоначревания горячей точки имеют место, то распространяется волна горения, сначала из-за дефлаграции, приводимой в действие α-частицами, а затем за счет детонации. После первоначальной переходной фазы и стадии самоначревания, горение распространяется, в основном, за счет транспорта α-частиц, хотя зона горения охлаждается за счет теплопроводности и гидродинамического расщирения. Весь процесс описывается с помощью трех безразмерных величин (связанных с образованием α-частиц, теплопроводностью и транспортом α-частиц). Как следует из численных результатов, критерий зажигания записывается в терминах двух указанных величин. Приводятся примеры применения полученных результатов. Выводится условие для распространения горения.

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Atzeni, S., Caruso, A. Inertial confinement fusion: Ignition of isobarically compressed D-T targets. Nuov Cim B 80, 71–103 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02899374

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