Abstract
A cDNA namedDlMADS18 was isolated from the young spikelets of the sweet bamboo,Dendrocalamus latiflorus by RACE. DNA sequence analysis showed thatDlMADS18 was composed of full ORF and 3′UTR, but without 5′UTR. The cDNA contained 1039 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 249 amino acid residues. The gene displayed the structure of a typical plant MADS box gene, which consisted of an MADS domain, K domain, a short I region, and the C-terminal region. Phylogenetic analysis of plant MADS box genes based on amino acid sequences revealed thatDlMADS18 was grouped into theAGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6)-like subfamily. It was most likely homologous to theOsMADS6 of rice (Oryza sativa), with 88% sequence identity for the entire amino acid sequences. TheDlMADS18 also showed relatively high amino acid sequence identity (59%) toAGL6 ofArabidopsis thaliana. To study the functions ofDlMADS18, DlMADS18 cDNA clone driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was transformed intoArabidopsis plants. Transgenic plants ofDlMADS18 exhibited the phenotypes of curled leaves, dwarfism, and early flowering with clustered terminal flowers. These results indicated thatDlMADS18 may probably be involved in controlling the flowering time ofD. latiflorus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Levy, Y. Y., Dean, C., The transition to flowering, Plant Cell, 1998, 10: 1973–1989.
Blázquez, M. A., Flower development pathways, J. Cell Sci., 2000, 113: 3547–3548.
Mouradov, A., Cremer, F., Coupland, G., Control of flowering time: Interacting pathways as a basis for diversity, Plant Cell, 2002: S111-S130.
Jack, T., Molecular and genetic mechanisms of floral control, Plant Cell, 2004, 16: S1-S17.
Boss, P. K., Bastow, R. M., Mylne, J. S. et al., Multiple pathways in the decision to flower: Enabling, promoting, and resetting, Plant Cell, 2004, 16: S18-S31.
Simpson, G. G., Dean, C.,Arabidopsis, the rosetta stone of flowering time? Science, 2002, 296: 285–289.
Mandel, M. A., Yanofsky, M. F., A gene triggering flower formation inArabidopsis, Nature, 1995, 337: 522–524.
Michaels, S.D., Amasino, R. M.,FLOWERING LOCUS C encodes a novel MADS domain protein that acts as a repressor of flowering, Plant Cell, 1999, 11: 949–956.
Hartmann, U., Hohmann, S., Nettesheim, K. et al., Molecular cloning ofSVP: A negative regulator of the floral transition inArabidopsis, Plant J., 2000, 21: 351–360.
Lee, H., Suh, S. S., Park, E. et al., TheAGAMOUS-LIKE 20 MADS domain protein integrates floral inductive pathways inArabidopsis, Genes Dev., 2000, 14: 2366–2376.
Sheldon, C. C., Rouse, D. T., Finnegan, E. J. et al., The molecular basis of vernalization: The central role ofFLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97: 3753–3758.
Yu, H., Xu, Y., Tan, E.L. et al.,AGAMOUS-LIKE 24, a dosage-dependent mediator of the flowering signals, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99: 16336–16341.
Borner, R., Kampmann, G., A MADS domain gene involved in the transition to flowering inArabidopsis, Plant J, 2000, 24(5): 591–599.
Theiβen, G., Development of floral organ identity: Stories from the MADS house, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 2001, 4: 75–85.
Ng, M., Yanofsky, M., Function and evolution of the plant MADS-box gene family, Nat. Rev. Gen., 2001, 2: 186–195.
Becker, A., Theissen, G., The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 2003, 29(3): 464–489.
Ratcliffe, O. J., Nadzan, G. C., Reuber, T. L. et al., Regulation of flowering inArabidopsis by anFLC homologue, Plant Physiol., 2001, 126: 122–132.
Samach, A., Onouchi, H., Gold, S. E. et al., Distinct roles ofCONSTANS target genes in reproductive development ofArabidopsis, Science, 2000, 288: 1613–1616.
Kempin, S. A., Savidge, B., Yanofsky, M. F., Molecular basis of the cauliflower phenotype inArabidopsis, Science, 1995, 267: 522–525.
Mandel, M. A., Yanofsky, M. F., TheArabidopsis AGL9 MADS box gene is expressed in young flower primordial, Sex Plant Reprod., 1998, 11: 22–28.
Tzeng, T. Y., Hsiao, C. C., Chi, P. J. et al., Two lilySEPAL-LATA-like genes cause different effects on floral formation and floral transition inArabidopsis, Plant Physiol., 2003, 133: 1091–1101.
Simon, T. M., Elizabeth, A. K., Heterogeneous expression patterns and separate roles of theSEPALLATA geneleafy hull sterilel in grasses, Plant Cell, 2004, 16: 1692–1706.
Ma, H., Yanofsky, M. F., Meyerowitz, E. M.,AGL1–AGL6, anArabidopsis gene family with similarity to floral homeotic and transcription factor genes, Genes Dev., 1991, 5: 484–495.
Theiβen, G., Kim, J., Saedler, H., Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes, J. Mol. Evol., 1996, 43: 484–516.
Janzen, D. H., Why bamboos wait so long to flower? Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 1976, 7: 347–391.
Sharma, M. L., The flowering of bamboo: Fallacies and facts. Bamboo in Asia and the Pacific, Thailand: Chiangmai, 1994, 68–70.
Ueda, K., Studies on the physiology of bamboo, with references to practical application, Tokyo: Prime Minister’s Office, 1960, 167.
Nelson, B. W., Natural forest disturbance and change in the Brazilian Amazon, Remote Sensing Reviews, 1994, 10: 105–125.
Franklin, D. C., Synchrony and asynchrony: Observations and hypotheses for the flowering wave in a long-lived semelparous bamboo, J. Biogeography, 2004, 31(5): 773–786.
Keeley, J. E., Bond, W. J., Mast flowering and semelparity in bamboos: The bamboo fire cycle hypothesis, Am. Naturalist, 1999, 154: 383–391.
Wong, K. M., Flowering, fruiting and germination of the bambooSchizostachyum zollingeri in Perlis, Malaysian Forester, 1981, 44: 453–463.
Zhang, G. C., Chen, F. S., Wang, Y. X., Study on rapid propagationin vitro ofDendrocalamus latiflous, J. Bamboo Res., 1993, 12: 7–15.
Murashige, T., Skoog, F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plant, 1962, 15: 473–479.
Swofford, D. L., PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 4.0b10, Sinauer Associates Massachusetts, USA, 2001.
Clough, S. J., Bent, A. F., Floral dip: A simplified method forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation ofArabidopsis thaliana, Plant J., 1998, 16(6): 735–43.
Sambrook, J., Russell, D. W., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd ed, New York: Cold Harbor Laboratory Press, 2002, 540–544,721-725.
Theiβen, G., Becker, A., Di Rosa, A. et al., A short history of MADS-box genes in plants, Plant Mol. Biol., 2000, 42: 115–149.
Mouradov, A., Glassick, T. V., Hamdorf, B. A. et al., Family of MADS-box genes expressed in early male and female reproductive structures of Monterey Pine, Plant Physiol., 1998, 117: 55–61.
Rounsley, S. D., Ditta, G. S., Yanofsky, M. F., Diverse roles for MADS box genes inArabidopsis development, Plant Cell, 1995, 7: 1259–1269.
Mena, M., Mandel, M. A., Lerner, D. R. et al., A characterization of the MADS-box gene family in maize, Plant J., 1995, 8: 845–854.
Winter, K. U., Becker, A., Münster, T., et al., MADS-box genes reveal that gnetophytes are more closely related to conifers than to flowering plants, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999, 96: 7342–7347.
Hsu, H. F., Huang, C. H., Chou, L. T. et al., Ectopic expression of an orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) AGL6-like gene promotes flowering by activating flowering time genes inArabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Physiol., 2003, 44(8): 783–794.
Carlsbecker, A., Tandre, K., Johanson, U. et al., The MADS-box geneDAL1 is a potential mediator of the juvenile-to-adult transition in Norway spruce (Picea abies), Plant J., 2004, 40: 546–557.
Chung, Y. Y., Kim, S. R., Finkel, D. et al., Early flowering and reduced apical dominance result from ectopic expression of a rice MADS box gene, Plant. Mol. Biol., 1994, 26: 657–665.
Kang, H. G., An, G., Isolation and characterization of a rice MADS box gene belonging to theAGL2 gene family, Mol. Cells, 1996, 7: 45–51.
Kang, H. G., Jang, S., Chung, J. E. et al., Characterization of two rice MADS box genes that control flowering time, Mol. Cells, 1997, 7: 559–566.
Kyozuka, J., Harcourt, R., Peacock, W. J. et al.,Eucalyptus has functional equivalents of theArabidopsis AP1 gene, Plant Mol. Biol., 1997, 35, 573–584.
Honma, T., Goto, K., Complexes of MADS-box proteins are sufficient to convert leaves into floral organs, Nature, 2001, 409: 525–529.
Pelaz, S., Gustafson-Brown, C., Kohalmi, A. E. et al.,APETALA1 andSEPALLATA3 interact to promote flower development, Plant J., 2001, 26: 385–394.
Jeon, J. S., Jang, S., Lee, S. et al.,leafy hull sterile1 is a homeotic mutation in a rice MADS box gene affecting rice flower development, Plant Cell, 2000, 12: 987–884.
Savidge, B., Rounsley, S. D., Yanofsky, M. F., Temporal relationships between the transcription of twoArabidopsis MADS box genes and the floral organ identity genes, Plant Cell, 1995, 7: 721–733.
Pelaz, S., Ditta, G. S., Baumann, E. et al., B and C floral organ identity functions requireSEPALLATA MADS-box genes, Nature, 2000, 405: 200–203.
Sedgley, M., Flowering of deciduous perennial fruit crops, Hort. Rev., 1990, 12: 223–264.
Kochankov, V. G., Milyaeva, E. L., Zhyvukhina, E. A. et al., Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine on stem formation and flower bud intiation inRudbeckia bicolor plants of different ages under noninductive conditions, Acta Horticulturae, 1989, 251.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, B., Chen, Y., Yan, Y. et al. Isolation and ectopic expression of a bamboo MADS-box gene. Chin.Sci.Bull. 50, 217–224 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897530
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02897530