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Allozyme Variation In Spineless Pejibaye (bactris Gasipaes Palmae)

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Abstract

Allozyme variation was examined in three pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) populations introduced into Hawaii for use in heart-of-palm improvement: Benjamin Constant (Putumayo landrace), San Carlos (Guatuso landrace) and Yurimaguas (Pampa Hermosa landrace). Nine enzymes encoded by 16 putative loci with a total of 38 alleles were resolved from meristem extract. Five loci were fixed in all populations, four additional loci were fixed in SC and one additional locus in BC. Six of the 38 alleles were rare, with three unique to BC and one to Y; two moderately high frequency alleles were unique to SC. Mean number of alleles per locus was lowest (1.6) in SC, with BC and Y having 2.1 alleles. Percentage of polymorphic loci was lowest in SC (44) and highest in Y (69). Observed heterozygosity was lowest in SC (0.051) and BC (0.066) and highest in Y (0.141). Nei’s genetic identity was 0.985 between BC and Y and averaged 0.952 between SC and BC-Y. The low heterozygosities are probably due to a long history of selection and inbreeding (sib-mating) during the domestication process, followed by intensive recent selection for spinelessness and more inbreeding. All populations are very closely related, suggesting a single domestication event in Amazonia.

Résumé

A variaÇÇo isoenzimÇtica foi examinada em três populaêêes de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) introduzidas no Havai para usar no melhoramento genético da esécie para a produééo de palmito fresco: Benjamin Constant (raÇa Putumayo), San Carlos (raÇa Guatuso) e Yurimaguas (raÇa Pampa Hermosa). Nove enzimas codificadas por 16 loci com um total de 38 alelos foram obtidas de um extrato meristemático. Cinco loci foram fixados em todas as populaááes, quatro outros loci foram encontrados somente em BC e um outro em Y; dois alelos com frequências moderadamente altas foram encontrados somente em SC. O número múdio de alelos por locus foi menor em SC (1,6), com BC e Y apresentando 2,1 alelos por locus. A porcentagem de loci polimórficos foi menor em SC (44) e maior em Y (69). A heterozigosidade observada foi menor em SC (0.051) e BC (0.066), e maior em Y (0.141). A identidade genética de Nei foi 0.985 entre BC e Y, e apresentou uma média de 0.952 entre SC e BC-Y. As heterozigosidades baixas séo provavelmente devidas a uma longa história de selegao e endocruzamento (entre irmóos) dur-ante o processo de domesticaÇão, seguido recentemente por seleÇÇo intensiva contra espinhos e mais endocruzamentos. As três populaêêes sêo muito aparentadas, sugerindo um ênico evento de domesticaão na Amazãnia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto National de Pesquisas da Amazonia—INPA, Cx. Postal 478, 69011-970, Manaus, AM, Brasil

    Charles R. Clement

  2. Dept. Horticulture, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, 96822-2279, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya & Richard M. Manshardt

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  1. Charles R. Clement
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  2. Mallikarjuna K. Aradhya
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  3. Richard M. Manshardt
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Clement, C.R., Aradhya, M.K. & Manshardt, R.M. Allozyme Variation In Spineless Pejibaye (bactris Gasipaes Palmae). Econ Bot 51, 149–157 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02893108

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