Abnormalities of megakaryocytes in myelitis and chronic myeloproliferative diseases

Summary

A planimetric study of megakaryopoiesis in various chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPD) was performed and the results compared with those from controls and myelitis of rheumatic origin. Morphometric measurements included at least 200 megakaryocytes in each case observed in Giemsa-stained semithin sections of resin-embedded core biopsies. Twenty specimens were evaluated from the controls and inflammatory disorders and from each of the following CMPD: 1, chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL); 2, polycythaemia vera (P. vera); 3, chronic megakaryocytic-granulocytic myelosis without or with minimal increase in reticulin fibre content (CMGM); 4, myelofibrosis or osteomyelosclerosis (MF/OMS). Megakaryocytes were classified as follows: 1, normal megakaryocytes at all stages of maturation; 2, giant forms; 3, microforms; 4, intussusceptions; 5, a-nuclear cytoplasmic fragments; 6, naked nuclei or necrotic forms. The results of this study demonstrate obvious abnormalities of megakaryopoiesis in addition to the increase in absolute numbers of megakaryocytes per marrow area and their different sizes as reported earlier (Thiele et al. 1982). Aberrations are particularly conspicuous when pure granulocytic proliferation or neoplasia of CGL is compared with the so-called mixed cellularity of megakaryocytes and granulocytes in CMGM including MF/OMS. Abnormalities of the giant forms of megakaryocytes are especially evident and comprise irregular cellular and nuclear perimeters (as calculated by a modified shape factor) in the two latter entities (CMGM-MF/OMS). This remarkable feature is associated with a disorganization of nuclear development and/or a disproportionate nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio which has never been observed in CGL previously. In combination with this striking cellular anomaly, which is compatible with an extreme amoeboid shape of giant forms in CMGM and MF, intussuceptions and a-nuclear cytoplasmic fragments are frequently encountered. The final stage of megakaryopoiesis, i.e. naked nuclei, are increased in number in all CMPD, probably because of enhanced proliferation and platelet shedding. Naked nuclei are often small in CGL (as remnants of the frequent micromegakaryocytes) and large in P. vera and CMGM/MF (depending on the high incidence of giant megakaryocytes in these latter disorders).