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Mitochondria in plants. II

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Summary

The significant researches of the past decade on cytoplasmic inclusions have been characterized by new experimental morphological and cyto-chemical techniques which have shed new light upon the role of mitochondria in plant and animal cells. Although some of the experimental approaches were motivated by considerations of non-Mendelian heredity, viruses, enzymology and neoplasms, and the results are sometimes tangential in reference to mitochondria, there appears to be a sufficient correlation between these sometimes oblique approaches and those concerned with mitochondria per se to establish a working theory for the functional significance of mitochondria.

Techniques for the isolation of mitochondria from the cell by maceration and ultra-centrifugation, improved cytochemical and genetic techniques, the application of electron and phase microscopy and other morphological techniques to the problem, have rather clearly indicated the relation of mitochondria to metabolism, morphogenesis and heredity, and have further implicated them with viruses and neoplasms of plant and animal cells. Further work will be necessary to clarify these relationships, but with the techniques now available the way seems clear for more definitive evidence.

The advances—but also the limitations—of the experimental techniques have emphasized the need for further researches on the more orthodox morpho-cytological techniques for the better fixation and staining of cellular inclusions, and they suggest the search for new chemicals for fixation rather than further modifications of extant formulae. This task may have been made easier by the cyto-chemical revelations made thus far of the properties of the protoplasmic constituents.

It can be stated that greater progress has been made in the past decade concerning the functional significance of mitochondria than in the preceding 40 years.

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    Earl H. Newcomer

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Newcomer, E.H. Mitochondria in plants. II. Bot. Rev 17, 53–89 (1951). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861786

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