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Ecogeographic distribution ofPhaseolus spp. (Fabaceae) in Bolivia

Distributión Ecogeográfica de Phaseolus Sp. (Fabaceae) en Bolivia

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Abstract

WildPhaseolus vulgaris is distributed between northern Mexico and northern Argentina. Analysis of phaseolin and molecular markers (isozymes, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms or RFLPs) indicate that this gene pool consists of two major groups, Mesoamerican and Andean, and a third intermediate group found in northwestern South America. Previous to this study, only four accessions of wildP. vulgaris beans from Bolivia had been collected and their genetic relationship with other wild beans from Latin America was not known. Due to the problem of intense erosion in some areas of Bolivia, it was our objective to survey and documentPhaseolus spp. in this area before their extinction. We conducted a collection expedition in May 1994 in the departments of Cochabamba, Chuquisaca and Tarija. This resulted in collections of four populations ofP. augusti, two of cultivatedP. lunatus and two mixtures of cultivatedP. vulgaris. The first mixture was made of “k’opurus” or beans consumed after toasting, and represented an addition of 17 accessions to the Bolivian collection. The second mixture was made of “porotos” and resulted in the addition of 10 new accessions. Seven germplasm collections of wildP. vulgaris were found, which allowed us to increase the number of known populations of wild common bean for Bolivia. Another accession was found as a wild-weed-crop complex. Seven of these wildP. vulgaris accessions along with another accession from Bolivia collected previously, and a number of P. vulgaris accessions from Mexico (17), Guatemala (3), Colombia (10), Ecuador (6), Peru (17) and Argentina (16) were analyzed with RAPDs. The use of 14 random primers and one SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) resulted in 90 bands, of which 83 were polymorphic. This data was used to construct a dendrogram which shows clear separation into three clusters, corresponding to each of the gene pools and an intermediate group. The Bolivian wild P. vulgaris beans grouped with the accessions of southern Peru and Argentina into the Andean gene pool. RAPD analysis of genetic diversity correlated well with genetic diversity obtained with other markers. Moreover, the ease of analysis allowed us to obtain a large number of bands which was conducive to greater sensitivity and identification of geographic subgroups and accessions of hybrid origin.

Resumen

Phaseolus vulgaris silvestre se encuentra distribuido entre el none de México y el none de Argentina. Mediante análisis de faseolina y marcadores moleculares (isoenzimas, RFLPs o polimorfismo de largo de fragmentos de restrictión), ha sido determinado que este acervo genético consiste de dos grupos principales, Mesoamericano y Andino, y un tercer grupo intermedio hallado en el noroeste de Sudamérica. Previo a este estudio, sólo habian sido colectadas cuatro accesiones deP. vulgaris silvestre en Bolivia, y se desconocia su relatión genética con otros frejoles silvestres de Latinoamérica. Debido al problema de erosión intensa en cienas zonas de Bolivia, nuestro objetivo fue estudiar y documentar Phaseolus spp. en esta area antes de su extinción. Realizamos una expeditión de colección en Mayo de 1994 en los depanamentos de Cochabamba, Chuquisaca y Tarija. Como resultado de ésta, coleccionamos cuatro poblaciones deP. augusti dos poblaciones de P. lunatus cultivado y dos mezclas de P. vulgaris cultivado. La primera mezcla consistió de “k’opurus,” o frejoles que son consumidos después de tostar, y representaron la adición de 17 accesiones para la colección boliviana. La segundafue una mezcla de “porotos” que resultaron en la adición de 10 nuevas accesiones. Se encontraron sie te colecciones de germoplasma de P. vulgaris silvestre, lo cual nos permitió triplicar el número de poblaciones de frejol común silvestre conocidas en Bolivia. Otra entrada fue encontrada como parte de un complejo de silvestre-maleza-cultivo. Siete de estas entradas deP. vulgaris silvestre asi como otra entrada de Bolivia colectada previamente, y varias entradas de P. vulgaris silvestre de México (17), Guatemala (3), Colombia (10), Ecuador (6), Peru (17) y Argentina (16) fueron analizadas con el uso de RAPDs (polimorfismo de DNA por amplificatión al azar). El uso de 14 cebadores y un SCAR (región amplificada de secuencia caracterizada) dieron como resultado 90 bandas, de las cuales 83 fueron polimórficas. Estos datos fueron utïlizados para la constructión de un dendrograma, que muestra clara separatión en tres grupos, que corresponden a coda uno de los acervos genéticos y un grupo intermedio. Los frejoles silvestres de Bolivia agruparon con las entradas del sur del Perú y Argentina, dentro del grupo Andino. El análisis de diversidad genética con RAPDs tuvo buena correlatión con la diversidad genética obtenida con otros marcadores. Además, la facilidad del análisis permitió obtener un gran número de bandas resultando en mayor sensitividad e identificatión de subgrupos geográficos y entradas de origen hibrido.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, 95616–8515, Davis, CA

    Rosanna Freyre & Paul Gepts

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Fitogenérticas de Pairumani, Bolivia, Cochabamba

    Raúl Ríos & Lorena Guzmán

  3. CIAT, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Cali, Colombia

    Daniel G. Debouck

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  1. Rosanna Freyre
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  2. Raúl Ríos
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  4. Daniel G. Debouck
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Freyre, R., Ríos, R., Guzmán, L. et al. Ecogeographic distribution ofPhaseolus spp. (Fabaceae) in Bolivia. Econ Bot 50, 195–215 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861451

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