Literature Cited
Anon. Relative susceptibility to blue-stain and mold of winter-felled, river-driven pine and summer-cut pine sawn green from the stump. Dept. Mines & Res. (Canada), Ann. Rep.1938-39: 155–156. 1940.
-. Forest research in India and Burma, 1939–40. Pt. 1. -The Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, Delhi. 1941.
Baxter, D. V. A brush treatment of moldy staves. Phytopathology20: 575–582. 1930.
Benton, V. L. andEhrlich, J. Variation in culture of several isolates ofArmillaria mellea from western white pine. Phytopathology31: 803–811. 1941.
Bess, H. A Insect attack and damage to white-pine timber after the 1938 hurricane in New England. Jour. For.42: 14–16. 1944.
Bisby, G. R. Geographical distribution of fungi. Bot. Rev.9: 466–482. 1943.
Buhay, R. Chemical control of sap-stain and mold in green lumber and logs. The Makiling Echo12: 64–78. 1933.
Carswell, T. S. andNason, H. K. Properties and uses of pentachlorophenol. Ind. & Eng. Chem.30: 622–626. 1938.
Cartwright, K. St. G. andFindlay, W. P. K. Studies in the physiology of wood-destroying fungi. II. Temperature and rate of growth. Ann. Bot.48: 481–495. 1934.
Chapman, A. D. andScheffer, T. C. New chemical treatments for the control of sap stain and mold in southern pine and hardwood lumber. So. Lumberman146 (1851): 25–30. 1933.
Christen sen, C. M. et al. Hormodendrum resinae (Lindau), an inhabitant of wood impregnated with creosote and coal tar. Am. Jour. Bot.29: 552–558. 1942.
Christian, M. B. Experiments on the prevention of ambrosia beetle damage in hardwoods. So. Lumberman159(2009): 110–112. 1939.
Cummins, J. E. Blue stain inPinus radiata (insignis) timber. Some preliminary experiments with case stock. Jour. Austr. Council Sci. & Ind. Res.6: 244–252. 1933.
Daniels, T. C. Synthetic drugs. Ann. Rev. Biochem.12: 447–472. 1943.
Davidson, R. W. Fungi causing stain in logs and lumber in the southern states including five new species. Jour. Agr. Res.50: 789–807. 1935.
—. Two American hardwood species ofEndoconidiophora described as new. Mycologia36: 300–306. 1944.
Dixon, C. E. Prevention of sap-stain in white pine. New Zealand State For. Serv. Cir. 26. 1928.
Eades, H. W. Sap-stain and mould prevention: a study of the relative efficacy of certain chemicals on western white pine, douglas fir, and western hemlock. For. Prod. Lab. Canada, Vancouver Lab., Dept. Mines & Res. 1939.
Ellis, D. E. Ceratostomella ips associated withIps lecontei in Arizona. Phytopathology29: 556–557. 1939.
Falck, R. Wachstumsgesetze, Wachstumsfaktoren, und Temperaturwerte holzzerstörenden Mycelien. Hauschwamm-forschungen1: 53–154. 1907.
—. Die Lensites-Fäle des Coniferenholzes. Hauschwammforschungen3: 1–234. 1909.
—. Über den Einfluss des Flössens auf die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Bauholzes gegen Trackenfäule und über den Holzschutz durch Schimmelbefall und Diffusionstränkung. Mitt. Forst. & Forstwiss.2: 480–485. 1931.
Findlay, W. P. K. Further tests on chemical treatments for the control of sap stain. Timb. News Sawm. Chron.45(2035): 566–568. 1937.
— andPettifor, C. B. Effect of blue stain on the strength of Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon). Emp. For. Jour.18: 259–267. 1939.
Finlay, R. H. The preservation of timber, with special reference to Rhodesia. Proc. Rhod. Sci. Assoc.39: 103–112. 1942.
Fritz, C. W. Prevention of sapwood stain in white pine in the seasoning yard. For. Serv., Dept. Int., For. Prod. Lab. Canada. [Mimeo. Undated.]
Gäumann, E. Der Einfluss der Fällungszeit auf die Dauerhaftigkeit des Fichten- und Tannenholzes. Beih. 6 Zeitschr. Schweiz. Forstvereins. 1930.
—. Der Einfluss der Fällungszeit auf die Dauerhaftigkeit des Buchenholzes. Mitt. Schweiz. Anst. Forst. Versuchsw.19: 382–456. 1936.
—. Über die Wachstums- und Zerstörungsintensität vonPolyporus vaporarius und vonSchizophyllum commune bei verschiedenen Temperaturen. Ang. Bot.21: 59–69. 1939.
Gerry, E. Five molds and their penetration into wood. Jour. Agr. Res.26: 219–229. 1923.
Goidánich, G. Le alterazioni cromatiche parassitarie del legname in Italia. IV. I parassiti del legno di conifere. Boll. Staz. Pat. Veg. Roma N. S.16: 225–270. 1937.
Hatfield, I. Further experiments with chemicals suggested as possible wood preservatives. Am. Wood-Preservers’ Assoc, Proc.28: 330–339. 1932.
Hawley, L. F. et al. The relation between durability and chemical composition in wood. Ind. & Eng. Chem.16: 699–700. 1924.
Hedgcock, G. G. The prevention of wood-staining in basket veneers. Jour. For.31: 416–420. 1933.
Howard, F. L. andKeil, H. L. Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds as fungicides. [Abs.] Phytopathology33: 1115. 1943.
Howard, N. O. The control of sap-stain, mold, and incipient decay in green wood with special reference to vehicle stock. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bull. 1037. 1922.
Hubert, E. E. Sap stains of wood and their prevention. 1929.
Humphrey, C. J. andSiggers, P. V. Temperature relations of wooddestroying fungi. Jour. Agr. Res.47: 997–1008. 1933.
Kalnins, A. and Liepins, R. Technical properties of Latvian coniferous timber (Pinus silvestris L.,Picea excelsa Lk., andLarix europaea D. C.) with relation to conditions of growth. Rep. Latvian For. Res. Sta. 1938.
Kaufert, F. andSchmitz, H. Studies in wood decay. VI. The effect of arsenic, zinc, and copper on the rate of decay of wood by certain wood-destroying fungi. Phytopathology27: 780–788. 1937.
Kitajima, K. Researches on the discoloration of logs ofFagus crenata Blume caused byEndoconidiophora bunae n. sp. and on its preventive method. Bull. Imp. For. Exp. Sta. No. 35. 1936. [Japanese with English resume.]
Lagerberg, T. et al. Biological and practical researches into blueing in pine and spruce. Svenska Skogsvardsför. Tidskr.25: 145–272, 561–739. 1927.
Leach, J. G. et al. The interrelationships of bark beetles and blue-staining fungi in felled Norway pine timber. Jour. Agr. Res.49: 315–341. 1934.
Lebedeff, V. I. Blue stain of timber and the turpentine industry. Trans. Ind. Res. Inst. Archangel. Part 5. 1929. [In Russian.]
Lehtinen, E. Timmerbevattningsmetoden. Papp. Trävarutidskr. Finl.21: 816–818, 820. 1939.
Levón, M. Prevention of timber discoloration. Results of chemical dipping methods. Finsk. Papp. Tidskr. pp. 256–262. 1935.
Lindgren, R. M. Sap stain and mold control at southern mills. Lumber Trade Journal96(5): 29–30. 1929.
-. Temperature, moisture, and penetration studies of woodstaining Ceratostomellae in relation to their control. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. 807. 1942.
—et al. Tests of chemical treatments for control of sap stain and mold in southern lumber. Ind. & Eng. Chem.25: 72–75. 1933.
Lisi, A. G. A biological study ofArmillaria mellea. [Abst.] Am. Jour. Bot.27: 6s. 1940.
MacCallum, B. D. Some wood staining fungi. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc.7: 231–236. 1922.
Marshall, R. C. Report on the Forestry Department for the year 1939–40. Accra, Gold Coast. Page 5. 1940.
Mead, J. P. Annual Report on Forest Administration in Malaya, including Brunei, for the year 1937. Page 17. 1938.
Migita, N. Resistance of some woods against the fungusPolyporus vaporarius. Jour. Cellulose. Inst. Tokyo8: 187–190. 1932. (In Japanese.)
Mook, P. V. andVerrall, A. F. Recent tests on sap-stain control. So. Lumberman169(2118): 59–61. 1944.
Münch, E. Die Blaufäule des Nadelholzes. Naturw. Zts. Forst-u. Landw.5: 531–573. 1907.
Nisikado, Y. andYamauti, K. Contributions to the knowledge of sap stains of wood in Japan. I. Studies onCeratostomella ips Rumbold, the cause of a blue stain of pine trees in Western Japan. Ber. Ohara Inst. Landw. Forsch.5: 501–538. 1933.
—. Contributions to the knowledge of sap stains of wood in Japan. II. Studies onCeratostomella pini Münch, the cause of a blue stain of pine trees. Ber. Ohara Inst. Landw. Forsch.6: 467–490. 1934.
Örnhjelm, R. Framställning ar inhemskt blänadsskyddsmedel. Papp. Trävarutidskr. Finl.22: 459–464. 1940.
Parkin, E. A. A note upon the depletion of starch from timber immersed in water. Emp. For. Jour.16: 27–28. 1937.
Rennerfelt, E. Das Wachstum einiger Pilze aus Holzschliff bei verschiedener Temperatur. Arch. Mikrobiol.12: 19–40. 1941.
Rumbold, C. T. Two blue-staining fungi associated with bark-beetle infestation of pines. Jour. Agr. Res.43: 847–873. 1931.
—. Three blue-staining fungi, including two new species, associated with bark beetles. Jour. Agr. Res.52: 419–437. 1936.
—. A blue stain fungus,Ceratostomella montium n. sp., and some yeasts associated with two species ofDendroctonus. Jour. Agr. Res.62: 589–601. 1941.
Sahlman, E. J. Blueing of sawn timber and its prevention by chemicals. Found. For. Prod. Res., Finland, Publ. No. 15. 1934. [English summary.]
-. Prevention of blueing in sawn timber by dipping. Found. For. Prod. Res., Finland, Publ. No. 18. 1935. [English summary.]
Scheffer, T. C. andLindgren, R. M. Some minor stains of southern pine and hardwood lumber and logs. Jour. Agr. Res.45: 233–237. 1932.
-and Lindgren, R. M. Stains of sapwood and sapwood products and their control. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bull. 714. 1940.
Schmitz, H. Studies in wood decay. V. Physiological specialization inFomes pinicola Fr. Am. Jour. Bot.12: 163–177. 1925.
Southam, C. M. andEhrlich, J. Decay resistance and physical characteristics of wood. Jour. For.41: 666–673. 1943.
Spradling, M. Penetration ofTrichoderma lignorum into sapwood ofPinus taeda. Jour. Agr. Res.52: 541–546. 1936.
Stakman, E. C. Physiologic specialization in pathogenic fungi. Proc. Int. Congr. Pl. Sci.2: 1312–1330. 1929.
Teesdale, L. V. The control of stain, decay, and other seasoning defects in red gum. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 421. 1927.
Thom, C. andRaper, K. B. The arsenic fungi of Gosio. Science76: 548–550. 1932.
Thomas, A. V. The prevention of “blue stain” in Jelutong timber. Malay. For.8: 18–21. 1939.
Vanin, S. I. Data on the coloring of wood caused by certain fungi and by chemicals. [Russian, with English summary.] Bull. Leningrad Inst. Control Farm & Forest Pests3: 3–37. 1932.
—. Blue stain of timber and how to control it. [In Russian.] State Publ. Office of Agric, Leningrad. 1932.
Verrall, A. F. Variation inForms igniarius (L.) Gill. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 117. 1937.
—. Relative importance and seasonal prevalence of wood-staining fungi in the Southern States. Phytopathology29: 1031–1051. 1939.
—. Sap-stain control. So. Lumberman161 (2033): 137. 1940.
—. Fungi associated with stain in chemically treated green lumber. Phytopathology31: 270–274. 1941.
—. Dissemination of fungi that stain logs and lumber. Jour. Agr. Res.63: 549–558. 1941.
—. Sapstain chemicals for emergency use. So. Lumberman 166(2085); 64–65. 1943.
—. Fungi associated with certain ambrosia beetles. Jour. Agr. Res.66: 135–144. 1943.
Ward, H. M. Penicillium as a wood-destroying fungus. Ann. Bot.12: 565–566. 1898.
Weir, A. H. W. Annual report on the forest administration of Nigeria for the year 1938. Page 10. 1939.
Wilson, S. E. Changes in the cell contents of wood (xylem parenchyma) and their relationships to the respiration of wood and its resistance to Lyctus attack and to fungal invasion. Ann. Appl. Biol.20: 661–690. 1933.
Wilson, T. R. C. andRichards, C. A. Dipping helps to conserve strength of lumber. Am. Lumberman 3126: 68. 1938.
Wright, E. Trichosporium symbioticum, n. sp., a wood-staining fungus associated withScolytus ventralis. Jour. Agr. Res.50: 525–538. 1935.
Wright, E. Further investigations of brown-staining fungi associated with engraver beetles (Scolytus) in white fir. Jour. Agr. Res.57: 759–773. 1938.
Young, H. E. The prevention of blue stain in hoop pine logs. Aust. Inst. Agr. Sci., Jour.3: 160–162. 1937.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verrall, A.F. The control of fungi in lumber during air-seasoning. Bot. Rev 11, 398–415 (1945). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861320
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861320