Abstract
The history of economic botany is briefly discussed. Economic plants are defined as those plants utilized either directly or indirectly for the benefit of Man. Indirect usage includes the needs of Man’s livestock and the maintenance of the environment; the benefits may be domestic, commercial, environmental, or aesthetic. The relationships between economic botany, agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and ethnobotany are discussed as well as the regional approaches to economic botany around the world and by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in particular.
Resumen
La hisioire de hotanique économique est discuté brièvemnente. Les plantes économiques sont definit comme ces plantes qui sont utiles directement ou indirectement pour Ia profit de l’Ilomme. Usage mdirectement coimprendit les nécessités des animnaux domestiques et le conservation de I’environ nement; les profits pourait etre domnestiques, coin mercials, environmnentals, ou esthétiques. Les relations entre hotanique économnique, agriculture, aboriculture, horticulture, et éthnobotanique sont discuté comine aussi les approches regionales à hotanique économique autour du monde et particulierment dans les Jardins botaniques rovals de Kew.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Anonymous. 1895. Some new ideas. The plants cultivated by aboriginal people and how used in primitive commerce. The [Daily] Evening Telegraph, Philadelphia, Thursday, 5 Dec, vol. 64, no. 134, p. 2.
-. 1948–1976. The wealth of India. Raw materials. 11 vol. Council of Science and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
-. 1984. Twenty-fifth anniversary of the Society for Economic Botany. Econ. Bot. 38:377.
-. 1986. The useful plants of India. Publication and Information Directorate, Council of Science and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Arber, A. 1912. Herbals. Their origin and evolution: a chapter in the history of botany 1470–1670. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Archer, T. C. 1853. Popular economic botany; or the botanical and commercial characters of the principal articles of vegetable origin, used for food, clothing, tanning, dyeing, building, medicine, perfumery, etc. Reeve and Co., London.
—. 1865. Profitable plants: description of the principal articles of vegetable origin used for food, clothing, tanning, dyeing, building, medicine, perfumery, etc. Routledge, Warne and Routledge, London.
Barrau, J. 1971. L’ethnobotanique au carrefour des sciences naturelles et des sciences humaines. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 118:237–248.
—. 1982. Plants and men on the threshold of the twenty-first century. Social Sci. Inform. 21, 1:127–141.
-. 1984. Ethnologie. Pages 282–284in Encyclopaedia universalis, Suppl. Paris.
—. 1989. The possible contribution of ethnobotany to the search of new crops for food and industry. Pages 402–410in G. E. Wickens, N. Haq, and P. Day, ed., New crops for food and industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Billberg, G. J. 1815. Ekonomisk botanik för landtbruk, trädgarder och apotek. C. Delén, Stockholm.
Boulger, G. S. 1889. The uses of plants. A manual of economic botany with special reference to vegetable products introduced during the last fifty years. Roper and Drowley, London.
Buc’hoz, J. P. 1800. Manuel économique de plantes ou traité de toutes le plantes qui peuvent êetre utiles aux arts. Buc’hoz, Fuches et Pernier, Paris.
Burkill, H. M. 1985. The useful plants of west tropical Africa. 2nd ed. Vol. 1, Families A-D. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Burkill, I. H. 1935. A dictionary of the economic plants of the Malay Peninsula. Crown Agents for the Colonies, London.
Candolle, A. de. 1855. Géographie botanique raisonée. 2 vol. V. Masson, Paris.
—. 1882. L’origine des plantes cultivées. G. Bailliere et Cie, Paris.
Carruthers, S. P., ed. 1986. Alternative enterprises for agriculture in the UK. University of Reading, Centre for Agricultural Strategy, Report No. 11.
Celoria, F. 1987. Fibres of the past. Geogr. Mag. 1987 (July):326.
Chadha, Y. R., editor in chief. 1985. The wealth of India. A dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials. 2nd ed. Vol. 1A (revised). Publication and Information Directorate, Council of Science and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Chiej, R. J. 1984. The Macdonald encyclopedia of medicinal plants. Macdonald and Co., London.
Coates Palgrave, K. 1977. Trees of southern Africa. C. Struik Publisher, Cape Town.
Colyer, R. J. 1982. Man’s proper study. A history of agriculture science education in Aberystwyth 1878–1978. Gomer Press, Llandysul.
Cribb, A. B., and J. W. Cribb. 1981. Useful wild plants of Australia. William Collins, Sydney.
Dalai-Clayton, D. B. 1981. Black’s agricultural dictionary. A. and C. Black, London.
Darwin, C. 1868. The variation of animals and plants under cultivation. 2 vol. J. Murray, London.
Dover, P. A. 1985. A guide to alternative combinable crops. Royal Agricultural Society of England, Stoneleigh and Agricultural Development and Advisory Services, Stoneleigh.
Duchesne, E.-A. 1846. Répertoire des plantes utiles et des plantes veneneuses du globe. 2 vol. Meline, Cans et Compie, Bruxelles.
Felger, R. S., and M. B. Moser. 1985. People of the desert and sea. Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians. Univ. Arizona Press, Tucson.
Ford, R. I. 1978. Ethnobotany: historical diversity and synthesis. Pages 33–49in R. I. Ford, ed., The nature and status of ethnobotany. Anthropol. Pap. 67, Museum of Anthropology, Ann Arbor, MI.
Fosberg, F. R. 1948. Economic botany—a modern concept of its scope. Econ. Bot. 2:3–14.
Harshberger, J. W. 1896. Purpose of ethno-botany. Bot. Gaz. 21:146–154; Amer.Antiq. 17(2):73–81.
Hartley, W. 1979. A checklist of economic plants in Australia. Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne.
Hastings, R. B. 1986. The relationship between the Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in economic botany. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 28:1–12.
Hawkes, J. G. 1970. Problems and results of evolutionary and taxonomic studies on cultivated plants with special reference to New World taxa. Kulturpflanze 6:141–156.
Heiser, C. B. 1985. Ethnobotany of the naranjilla (Solarium quitoense) and its relatives. Econ. Bot. 34:4–11.
—. 1986. Economic botany: past and future. Econ. Bot. 40:261–266.
Hepper, F. N. 1982. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: gardens for science and pleasure. H.M.S.O., London.
Hill, A. F. 1937. Economic botany. A textbook of useful plants and plant products. McGraw-Hill, New York. (2nd ed., 1952)
Hogg, R., and G. W. Johnson. 1863–1880. Wild flowers of Great Britain. 11 vol. Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener, London.
Hornemann, F. W. 1796. Forsög til en dansk oekonomisk planteloere. E.L. Buch, Copenhagen.
Huxley, L. 1918. Life and letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker O.M., G.C.S.I. based on materials selected and arranged by Lady Hooker. 2 vol. J. Murray, London.
Jain, S. K., ed. 1987. A manual of ethnobotany. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
Janick, J. 1986. Horticultural sciences. 4th ed. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York.
Johnson, C. P. 1865. The useful plants of Great Britain. R. Hardwicke, London.
Kochar, S. L. 1981. Economic plants of the tropics. Macmillan India Ltd., Delhi.
Khoshoo, T. N., and G. V. Subrahmanyam. 1985. Ecodevelopment of arid lands in India with nonagricultural economic plants—a holistic approach. Pages 245–265in G. E. Wickens, J. R. Goodin and D. V. Field, ed., Plants for arid lands. George Allen and Unwin, London.
Launert, E. 1981. Edible and medicinal plants of Britain and northern Europe. Country Life Books, Twickenham, Middx.
Lauremberg, P. 1631. Horticulture. M. Meriani, Fracofurti ad Moenum.
Lawson, P., and Son. 1852. Synopsis of the vegetable products of Scotland in the Museum of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. P. Lawson and Son, Edinburgh.
Lindley, J. 1849. Medicinal and oeconomical botany. Bradbury and Evans, London.
Linnaeus, C. 1737. Flora Lapponica. S. Schouten, Amsterdam.
—. 1745. Flora Suecica. C. and G. J. Wishoff, Lugduni Batavorum.
—. 1748. Flora oeconomica. Elias Aspelin, Smolandus. Uppsala.
—. 1751. Philosophia botanica. Kiesewetter, Stockholm, and Chatelain, Amsterdam.
Ludwig, C. F. 1800. Handbuch der Botanik zu Vorlesungen fuer Aerzt und Oekonomen. 4 vol. C. Fritsch, Leipzig.
Mabey, R. 1972. Food for free. Collins, Glasgow.
—. 1975. Plants with a purpose: a guide to the everyday use of wild plants. Collins, London.
Mott, J. J., and R. Reid. 1985. Forage and browse—the northern Australian experience. Pages 143–161in G. E. Wickens, J. R. Goodin, and D. V. Field, ed., Plants for arid lands. George Allen and Unwin, London.
Needham, J. 1986. Science and civilization in China. Vol. 6. Biology and biological technology. Part 1. Botany. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Palmer, E., and N. Pitman. 1972. Trees of southern Africa. 3 vol. A. A. Bakema, Cape Town.
Pandey, B. P. 1984. Economic botany. S. Chand, Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
Perdue, R. E., E. Jones, and C. T. Nyati. 1989.Vernonia galamensis, a promising new industrial crop for the semi-arid tropics and subtropics. Pages 197–207in G. E. Wickens, N. Haq, and P. Day, ed., New crops for food and industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Phillips, E. 1678. The new world of English words. 4th ed. London.
Portères, R. 1961. L’ethnobotanique: place-objet-méthode-philosophie. J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 8(4–5):103–109.
Powers, S. 1875. Aboriginal botany. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 5:373–379.
Purseglove, J. W. 1985. Tropical crops: monocotyledons. Longman, London.
—. 1987. Tropical crops: dicotyledons. Longman, London.
Renfrew, J. M. 1976. Palaeoethnobotany. The prehistoric food plants of the Near East and Europe. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Riddle, J. R. 1985. Dioscorides on pharmacy and medicine. Univ. Texas Press, Austin.
Rivett, D. E., G. P. Jones, and D. J. Tucker. 1989.Santalum acuminatum fruit: a prospect for horticultural development. Pages 202–209in G. E. Wickens, N. Haq, and P. Day, eds., New crops for food and industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Rivinus, E. T. de. 1690. Introducto universalis in rem herbariam. G. Guntheri, Lipsiae.
Rochebrune, E. T. de. 1879. Recherches d’ethnographie botanique sur la flore des sepultures péruviennes d’Ancon. Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 33:343–358.
Russell, T. A. 1958. Kew and Singapore. Gard. Bull. Singapore 17:155–160.
Salisbury, W. 1822. The cottager’s agricultural companion. F. C. and J. Rivington, London.
Sampson, H. C. 1935. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Empire agriculture. J. Roy. Soc. Arts 83:404–419.
Satyavat, G. V., A. K. Gupta, and Nerraj Tandon, eds. 1976. Medical plants of India. 3 vol. (Vol. 1 1976, Vol. 2 1987, Vol. 3 in preparation). India Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
Saunders, C. F. 1976. Edible and useful wild plants of the United States and Canada. Dover Publications, New York. Reprint of a work first published as Useful wild plants of the United States and Canada, by R. M. McBride, New York, in 1934.
Schery, R. W. 1972. Plants for man. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Schultes, R. E. 1960. Tapping our heritage of ethnobotanical lore. Econ. Bot. 14:257–262.
—. 1977. Albert Frederick Hill and economic botany. Econ. Bot. 31:378–382.
Scott, A. 1979. Hedgerow plants. Oxford Illustrated Press, Oxford.
Sen, S. 1975. Reaping the Green Revolution. Food and jobs for all. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
S.E.P.A.S.A.T. 1982. S.E.P.A.S.A.T. Newsletter No. 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Simpson, B. B., and M. Conner-Ogorzaly. 1986. Economic botany: plants in our world. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Smith, C. E., Jr. 1986. Import of palaeoethnobotanical facts. Econ. Bot. 40:267–278.
Stearn, W. T. 1976. From Theophrastus and Dioscorides to Sibthorp and Smith: the background and origin of theFlora Graeca. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 8:285–298.
—. 1986. Historical survey of the naming of cultivated plants. Acta Hort. 182:19–28.
Suckow, G. A. 1777. Oekonomische botanik. E. F. Schwan, Mannheim und Lantern.
Täckholm, V., and M. Drar. 1941–1969. Flora of Egypt. 4 vol. Cairo Univ. Press, Cairo.
Townsend, C. C, and E. Guest, ed. 1966. Flora of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad.
Turnbull, J. W., ed. 1979. Multipurpose Australian trees and shrubs: lesser-known species for fuel-wood and agroforestry. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, available from Inkata Press, North Clayton, Victoria.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1862. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Vavilov, N. I. 1927. The centre of origin of cultivated plants. Bull. Appl. Bot. (P1. Breed.) Leningrad 16(2): 139–248 (English translation). See also Vavilov, N.I. 1951. The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Selected writings translated from the Russian by K. S. Chester. Chron. Bot. 13(l):1–364.
Vriend, H. J. de. 1984. The Old English herborum and medicina de quadrupedibus. Oxford University Press, London.
Watt, J. M., and M. G. Breyer-Brandwijk. 1962. The medical and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa. E. and S. Livingstone Ltd., Edinburgh.
Wells, M. J., A. A. Balsinhas, H. Joff, V. M. Engelbrecht, G. Harding, and C. H. Stirton. 1986. A catalogue of problem plants in southern Africa. Incorporating the national weed list of South Africa. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa 53.
—, and C. H. Stirton. 1977. Economic botany in South Africa in the coming decade. Paper presented at the meeting of the Advisory Committee for Botanical Research, 24–25 October 1977. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria. Mimeo.
Wickens, G. E. 1986. Breadfruit to computers: economic botany at Kew. Span 29(2):62–64.
—. 1987. Two centuries of economic botanists at Kew. Paper presented at Kew’s bicentenary of plant introduction. Tropical Agriculture Association. Mimeo.
-. n.d. Kew databases in the search for new plants.In Adli Bishay, ed., Advances in desert and arid land technology and development. Harwood Academic Publishers, New York. (In press.)
—. 1989. Economic botany and Kew in the search for new plants. Pages 411–423in G. E. Wickens, N. Haq, and P. Day, ed., New crops for food and industry. Chapman and Hall, London.
Withering, W. 1776. A botanical arrangement of all the vegetables naturally growing in Great Britain. 2 vol. Cadel and Elmsley, London.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wickens, G.E. What is economic botany?. Econ Bot 44, 12–28 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861062
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02861062