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Glycoalkaloid composition of potatoes: Diversity and biological implications

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Abstract

Glycoalkaloids are important potato quality factors. Tuber-bearingSolanum species exhibit wide quantitative and qualitative diversity in glycoalkaloid contents. Some species, of interest to breeders, contain extremely high total glycoalkaloid (TGA) levels and/or unusual types of glycoalkaloids of ill-defined or unknown toxic and teratogenic properties. Characterisation of glycoalkaloid content is a dynamic and, in some cases, controversial subject. Problems associated with analytical methodology and, to a lesser extent, with environmental effects and intraspecific heterogeneity have probably been the major causes of disagreements in the literature. Recent methodological developments have facilitated more accurate and sensitive measurements of TGA levels and of individual glycoalkaloid compositions. Such measurements should be used to analyze parental material and selected hybrid progeny in breeding programs. This is particularly important when certain wildSolanum species are being exploited as undesirable levels and types of glycoalkaloid can be genetically transmitted from the wild species to hybrid progeny. Absence of glycoalkaloid assessment from a breeding program can result in wasted effort, time and money.

Resumen

Los glicoalcaloides son factures importantes en la calidad de la papa. Las especies tuberiferas deSolanum presentan una amplia diversidad cuantitativa y cualitativa en sus contenidos de glicoalcaloides. Algunas especies de interés para los mejoradores contienen niveles extremadamente altos de glicoalcaloides totales (GAT) y de tipos no usuales de glicoalcaloides con propiedades tóxicas o teratógenas mal definidas o desconocidas. La caracterización del contenido de glicoalcaloides es un tema dinámico y, en algunos casos, de controversia. Las principales causas de los desacuerdos en la literatura han sido probablemente los problemas asociados con la metodología analítica y, en menor grado, con los efectos ambientales y la heterogeneidad intraespecífica. Los últimos desarrollos metodológicos han facilitado mediciones más precisas y de mayor sensibilidad de los niveles de GAT y de la composición individual de glicoalcaloides. Tales mediciones deberían ser utilizadas para analizar el material parental y la progenie híbrida seleccionada en los programas de mejoramiento. Esto es particularmente importante cuando se están explotando ciertas especies silvestres de Solarium, ya que niveles y tipos no deseables de los glicoalcaloides pueden ser genéticamente transmitidos de las especies silvestres a la progenie híbrida. La ausencia en un programa de mejoramiento de una evaluatión de los glicoalcaloides puede resultar en una pérdida de esfuerzos, tiempo y dinero.

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Gregory, P. Glycoalkaloid composition of potatoes: Diversity and biological implications. American Potato Journal 61, 115–122 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854033

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