Abstract
The near-field initial dilution of the wastewater discharged into Masan Bay from a submerged ocean outfalls has been studied by field measurements and prediction model simulations. Ambient parameters of temperature, salinity, and currents were measured at the Masan outfalls site. Dilution rates of the wastewater effluents were obtained by a salinity deficit method using the field data observed in summer and winter. They were compared with Miami outfalls study (Proniet al., 1994) and the predictions of CORMIX model, i.e., a USEPA's mixing zone model. The model predictions showed a good agreement with the field measurements under the ambient conditions of summer stratification as well as winter isopycnal mixing with weak ambient currents. Seasonal variations in the dilution rates were simulated for four typical seasonal conditions with the observed currents at the outfall site. The highest dilution rate of 168 was found in winter with the strong ambient current. The lowest dilution rate of 26 was found in summer with the weak ambient current due to the trapping of the jet-plume at the thermocline depth. The similar results were also obtained through the hydraulic model tests for Boston outfalls (Robertset al., 1993).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Doneker, R.L. and Jirka, G.H. (1991). “Expert System for Mixing-Zone Analysis and Design of Pollutant Discharges.”Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, Vol. 117, No. 6, pp. 679–697. [Journal]
Fergen, R.E. and Huang, H. (1994). “Comparison of SETLOE II Field Initial Dilution Data with Two EPA Models: UM and CORMIX.” NOAA,Proceedings, WEFTEC'94, pp. 249–254. [Proceeding]
Fisher, H.B., List, E.J., Koh, R.C.Y., Imberger, J. and Brooks, H. (1979).Mixing inland and coastal waters, Academic Press Inc., New York, N.Y. [Book]
Jirka, G.H. and Doneker, L.D. (1991). “Hydrodynamic classification of submerged multiport-diffuser discharges.”Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 117, No. 9, pp. 1113–1129. [Journal]
Jirka, G.H., Doneker, R.L. and Hinton, S.W. (1996).Users Manual for CORMIX: A Hydrodynamic Mixing Zone Model and Decision Support System for Pollutant Discharges into Surface Waters, Office of Science and Technology, U.S., Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. [Book]
Kang, S.W. (1991). “Circulation and Pollutant Dispersion in Masan-Jinhae Bay of Korea.”Marine Pollution Bulletin, Pergamon press, U.K., Vol. 23, pp. 37–40. [Journal]
Kang, S.W. (1993).A study of Water Quality Management of Enclosed Coastal Seas (I), Technical Report, KORDI, BSPN 00205-613-2. [Book]
Kang, S.W., Park, K.S., Kim, S.I. and You, S.H. (1999a). “Seasonal Variations of Near-field Dilutions of Submerged Multiport-Diffuser Discharges in Masan Bay.”Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 116–126. [Journal]
Kang, S.W., You, S.H. and Oh, B.C. (1999b). “A study on initial and near-field dilution at the Ocean Outfall of Masan-Changwon Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (I).”Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 66–69 [Journal]
Kwon, Y.T. and Lee, C.W. (1998). “Heavy metals contamination in coastal sediments by the large discharge from wastewater treatment plant”Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environmental Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 83–92. [Journal]
National Research Council(NRC). (1993).Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas, National Academy Press, Washington D. C. pp. 231-294. [Book]
Proni, J.R., Huang, H. and Dammann, W.P. (1994). “Initial dilution of Southeast Florida ocean outfalls.”Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 12, pp. 1409–1425. [Journal]
Roberts, P.J.W., Snyder, W.H. and Baumgartner, D.H. (1989). “Ocean outfalls,: Submerged wastefield formation,: Spatial evolution of submerged wastefields, III: Effect of diffuser design on submerged wastefields.”Journal of Hydraulic Division, ASCE, Vol. 115, No. 1, pp. 1–70. [Journal]
Roberts, P.J.W. and Snyder, W.H. (1993). “Hyraulic Model Study for Boston Outfall, II: Environmental Performance.”Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 119, No. 9, pp. 988–1002. [Journal]
Tsai, J.J. and Proni, J.R. (1997). “Initial and near-field subsequent dilution at the key west outfalls.” NOAA,Proceedings, WEFTEC'95, Vol. 4, pp. 139–146. [Proceeding]
Tsai, J.J. and Proni, J.R. (1999). “Evaluation of mixing zone models: CORMIX, PLUMES and OMZA with field data from two Florida ocean outfalls.”Environmental Hydraulics, Balkema, Rotterdam. pp. 249–254. [Proceeding]
Wood, I.R., Bell, R.G. and Wilkinson, D.L. (1993).Ocean Disposal of Wastewater, World Scientific, Singapore. [Book]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The manuscript for this paper was submitted for review on August 9, 1999.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kang, SW., Oh, BC., Park, KS. et al. Near-field dilution of wastewater effluents discharged from submerged ocean outfalls in Masan Bay. KSCE J Civ Eng 3, 395–405 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02830475
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02830475