Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Azide-resistant mutants ofAzorhizobium caulinodans with enhanced symbiotic effectiveness

  • Papers
  • Published:
Folia Microbiologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Azide-resistant mutants ofAzorhizobium caulinodans strains Sb3, S78, SrR13 and SrS8 were isolated and screened for nitrate reductase activity. Selected nitrate reductase negative mutants were inoculated onSesbania bispinosa andS. rostrata under sterile conditions in chillum jars to study their symbiotic behavior. Azide-resistant mutants exhibited either similar or higher symbiotic effectiveness than the parent strain after 30 d of plant growth. Nodule mass, nitrogenase activity and uptake hydrogenase activity of the mutants varied depending on the host as well as on the plant growth stage. In comparison to wild-type parent strains, four azide-resistant mutants, Sb3Az18, S78Az21, SrR13Az17 and SrS8Az6 showed significant increase in nodulation and nitrogen fixation as well as shoot dry mass of the inoculated plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abd-Alla M.H.: Effect ofLupinus seed diffusates onBradyrhizobium sp. growth and nodulation of lupine.Folia Microbiol. 43, 182–186 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bosworth A.H., Williams M.K., Albrecht K.A., Kwiatkowski R., Beynon J., Hankinson T.R., Ronson C.W., Cannon F., Wacek T.J., Triplett E.W.: Alfalfa yield response to inoculation with recombinant strains ofRhizobium meliloti with an extra copy ofdctABD and/or modifiednifA expression.Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 3815–3832 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn J., Bradley Day R., Stacey G.: Signalling strategies for nodulation of legumes by rhizobia.Trends Microbiol. 2, 318–324 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadarwal K.R., Sindhu S.S., Batra R.: Ecology of Hup+ Rhizobium strains of cowpea miscellany: native frequency and competence.Arch. Microbiol. 141, 255–259 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer M.: Genetic regulation of nitrogen fixation in rhizobia.Microbiol. Rev. 58, 352–386 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hua S.S.T., Scot D.B., Lim S.T.: A mutant ofRhizobium japonium 110 with elevatednif activity in free-living culture, pp. 95–105 inGenetic Engineering of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (J.M. Lyons, R.C. Valentine, D.A. Phillips, D.W. Rains, R.C. Huffaker, Eds). Plenum Press, New York 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser B.N., Layzell D.B., Shelp B.J.: Role of oxygen limitation and nitrate metabolism in the nitrate inhibition of nitrogen fixation of pea.Plant Physiol. 101, 45–50 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leyva A., Palacios J.M., Murillo J., Ruiz-Argueso T.: Genetic organization of the hydrogen uptake (hup) cluster fromRhizobium leguminosarum.J. Bacteriol. 172, 1647–1655 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long S.R.:Rhizobium symbiosis: Nod factors in perspective.Plant Cell 8, 1885–1898 (1996).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Membrillo-Hernandez J., Aguilar G.R., Sanchez F., Saberon M.: Isolation ofRhizobium phaseoli Tn5-induced mutants with altered expression of cytochrome terminal oxidaseso andaa3, p. 141 in5th Internat. Symp. Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Martinus Nijhoff, Interlaken (Switzerland) 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Hara G.W., Daniel R.M., Steele K.W., Bonish P.M.: Nitrogen losses from soils caused byRhizobium-dependent denitrification.Soil Biol. Biochem. 16, 429–431 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owais W.M., Kleinhofs A.: Metabolic activation of the mutagen azide in biological systems.Mutat. Res. 197, 313–323 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ram J., Grover R.P., Rewari R.B., Kumar S.: Improvement in the nitrogen-fixing effectiveness ofRhizobium leguminosarum by incorporating genetic resistance to azide.Indian J. Exp. Biol. 16, 1321–1322 (1978).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saini I., Dogra R.C., Nagpal P.: Uptake hydrogenase in fast-growing strains ofRhizobium sp. (Sesbania) in relation to nitrogen fixation.J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62, 449–452 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saini I., Sindhu S.S., Dadarwal K.R.: Uptake hydrogenase, nitrate respiration,ex planta nitrogenase expression and symbiotic effectivity ofSesbania rhizobia.Indian J. Microbiol. 36, 93–97 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S.B., Sakadevan K., Sharma S.: Mutations conferring azide resistance enhance symbiotic nitrogen fixation inRhizobium loti.Plant & Soil 189, 221–229 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Šimek M.: The response of denitrifiers in a sandy loam affected by a long-term fertilization to organic carbon and nitrate.Folia Microbiol. 44, 85–89 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sindhu S.S., Dadarwal K.R.:Ex planta nitrogenase induction and uptake hydrogenase inRhizobium sp. (cowpea miscellany).Soil Biol. Biochem. 18, 291–295 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sindhu S.S., Dadarwal K.R.: Hydrogen uptake-measurement of photosynthate limitation in nodules of cowpea miscellany hosts.Microbiol. Res. 150, 213–217 (1995).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A., Kumar S.: Evidence for linkage betweenazi marker and nodulation determining (nod) genes inRhizobium leguminosarum Rld.Indian J. Exp. Biol. 27, 201–206 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sloger C.: Symbiotic effectiveness and N2 fixation in, nodulated soybean.Plant Physiol. 44, 1666–1668 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soberon M., Williams H.D., Poole R.K., Escamilla E.: Isolation of aRhizobium phaseoli cytochrome mutant with enhanced respiration and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.J. Bacteriol. 171, 465–472 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trinchant J.C., Rigaud J.: Nitrite and nitric oxide as inhibitors of nitrogenase from soybean bacteroids.Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 1385–1388 (1982).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trumpower B.L., Gennis R.B.: Energy transduction by cytochrome complexes in mitochondrial and bacterial respiration: the enzymology of coupling electron transfer reactions to transmembrane proton translocation.Ann. Rev. Biochem. 63, 675–716 (1994).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rhijn P., Vanderleyden J.: TheRhizobium—plant symbiosis.Microbiol. Rev. 59, 124–142 (1995).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vashist R.K., Yadav A.S., Sharma P.K., Khurana A.L.: Nitrogen fixing efficiency of sodium azide resistant strains of slow growing mungbeanRhizobium.Annal. Biol. 2, 135–139 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vessey J.K.: Measurement of nitrogenase activity in legume root nodules: in defense of acetylene reduction assay.Plant & Soil 158, 151–162 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent J.M.: A manual for the practical study of root nodule bacteria, pp. 7–8 inInternational Biology Programme Handbook. Blackwell, Oxford 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waheb A.M.A., Zahran H.H., Abd-Alla M.H.: Root hair infection and nodulation of four grain legumes as affected by the form and the application time of nitrogen fertilizer.Folia Microbiol. 41, 303–308 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav A.S., Vasudeva M., Upadhyay K.K., Sawhney S.K., Vashist R.K.: Symbiotic effectiveness, rate of respiration and glutamine synthetase activity of sodium azide resistant strains ofRhizobium leguminosarum biovarrifolii.Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 28, 1–5 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav K.S., Garg R.P., Nilum, Dadarwal K.R.: Symbiotic effectivity and competitiveness of azide-resistant mutants ofRhizobium sp. (Vigna).Indian J. Microbiol. 32, 423–427 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, 125 004, Hisar, India

    I. Saini, S. S. Sindhu & K. R. Dadarwal

Authors
  1. I. Saini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. S. Sindhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. R. Dadarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Saini, I., Sindhu, S.S. & Dadarwal, K.R. Azide-resistant mutants ofAzorhizobium caulinodans with enhanced symbiotic effectiveness. Folia Microbiol 46, 217–222 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818536

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818536

Keywords

Search

Navigation