Summary
The pathogenesis of linear ulceration induced by restraint water-immersion (RWI) was investigated in view of gastric motility and early ischemic changes. After three hours of restraint-water immersion stress, the cross-sectioned gastric body was prepared for light microscopy. Most lesions (90.8%) were present in the mucosal folds projecting toward the cavity. Wedge-shaped degeneration in the crest of the folds was recognized as an ischemic lesion followed by hemorrhagic ulceration. Compressed arterioles were frequently encountered in the muscularis mucosae and circular muscle. Generally, mucosal folds appear merely with the reduction of gastric content, and run along with the elevation of the circular muscle as an anatomical structure, becoming tall and steep after RWI. Marked enhancement of contraction, observed with a strain gauge force transducer, was induced by RWI. This enhancement was suppressed by papaverine HCl pretreatment in accordance with suppression of the fold-related mucosal lesion even after 150 mM HCl perfusion into the stomach. In conclusion, gastric motility appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of linear ulceration by causing ischemic change along the folds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Goldman H, Rosoff CB. Pathogenesis of acute gastric stress ulcers. Am J Pathol 1968;52:227–243.
Watanabe K. Some pharmacological factors involved in formation and prevention of stress ulcer in rats. Chem Pharm Bull 1966; 14:101–107.
Diahanguiri B. The production of acute gastric ulceration by indomethacin in the rat. Scand J Gastroenterology 1969;4:265–267.
Okabe S, Takeuchi K, Nakamura K, et al. Pathogenesis of gastric lesions induced by aspirin in the pylorus-ligated rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1974;24:363–371.
Robert A, Nezamis JE, Lancaster C, et al. Cytoprotection by prostaglandins in rats; prevention of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl and thermal injury. Gastroenterology 1979;77:433–443.
Oiwa T, Sugimachi K, Kuwano H, et al. Histopathological findings of acute gastritis by endoscopic biopsy (1st report). Gastroenterol Endosc 1983;25:373–381 (in Japanese).
Yano S, Akahane M, Harada M. Role of gastric motility in development of stress-induced gastric lesions of rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1978;28:607–615.
Garrick T, Buack S, Bass P. Gastric motility is a major factor in cold restraint-induced lesion formation in rats. Am J Physiol 1986;250:G191–199.
Chou CC. Gastrointestinal circulation and motor function: The gastrointestinal system I. In: Schultz SG, Wood J, Rauner BB, ed. Handbook of Physiology, Section 6, Motility and Circulation, Part 2. vol. 1, American Physiological Society, Bethesda, Maryland, 1989;1475–1518.
Yamaguchi T. Relationship between gastric mucosal hemodynamics and gastric motility. Gastroenterol Jpn 1990;25:299–305.
Livingston EH, Howard TJ, Garrick TR, et al. Strong gastric contraction cause mucosal ischemia. Am J Physiol 1991;260:G524-G530.
Sato N, Kamada T, Shichiri M, et al. Measurement of hemoperfusion and oxygen sufficiency in gastric mucosa in vivo. Gastroenterology 1979;76:814–819.
Murakami M, Moriga M, Miyake T, et al. Contact electrode method in hydrogen gas clearance technique; A new method for determination of regional gastric mucosal blood flow in animals and humans. Gastroenterology 1982;82:457–467.
Tani K, Yamaguchi T, Binaka T, et al. Gastric mucosal red blood cell distribution in gastric hypermotility. Experimental Ulcer 1990; 17:200–201.
Mersereau WA, Hinchey EJ. Role of gastric mucosal folds in formation of focal ulcers in the rat. Surgery 1982;91:150–155.
Ohno T, Hirose N, Uramoto H, et al. Surface epithelial cell damage induced by restraint and water-immersion stress in rats effects of 16, 16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 on stress-induced gastric lesions. Japan J Pharmacol 1987;45:405–415.
Takahashi-Iwanaga H, Fujita T. Application of an NaOH maceration method to a scanning electron microscopic observation of Ito cells in the rat liver. Arch Histol Jap 1986;49:349–357.
Watanabe H. Pathology of acute gastric lesion. Saishin Igaku 1989; 44:2022–2026 (in Japanese).
Kudo T. Experimental study on gastric submucosal blood flow influenced by autonomic nervous system and catecholamines during development of stress ulcer. Jpn J Gastroenterol 1984;81: 987–995 (in Japanese).
Garrick T, Leung FW, Buack S, et al. Gastric motility is stimulated but overall blood flow is unaffected during cold restraint in the rat. Gastroenterology 1986;91:141–148.
Fujii Y. Electron microscopic and experimental studies on the microcirculation change in the gastric mucosa induced by water immersion stress in rats.—especially the change in gastric mucosal folds-Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi 1989;40:335–348 (in Japanese).
Chou CC, Grassmick B. Motility and blood flow distribution with in the wall of g-2 tract. Am J Physiol 1978;235:H34–39.
Nagamachi Y, Ogata N, Nishida Y, et al. Role of blood Theological factors in the pathogenesis of experimental ulcer. In: Tsuchiya M, Oda M, Okazaki I, eds. Experimental Ulcer—Research Trends in Japan-. Tokyo: Yurinsha, 1984;109:109–114.
Itoh M, Guth PH. Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in hemorrhagic shock-induced gastric lesions in the rat. Gastroenterology 1985;88:1162–1167.
Nakamura M, Oda M, Nishizaki Y, et al. The structure and regulation of the muscularis mucosae of the rat stomach—histochemical and radioautographic studies: In: Nagao F, Matsuo Y, Kasuya Y, Tsuchiya M, ed. Gastrointestinal Function, Regulation and Disturbances. Amsterdam: Excepta Medica, 1989;43–57.
Mersereau WA, Hinchey EJ. Hypothermia-induced gastric hypercontractility in the genesis of the restraint ulcer. Can J Surgery 1981;24:622–625.
Guth PH, Smith E. Escape from vasoconstriction in the gastric microcirculation. Am J Physiol 1975;228:1893–1895.
Jansson G, Lundgren O, Martinson J. Neurohormonal control of gastric blood flow. Gastroenterology 1970;58:425–429.
Kanazawa H. The studies on the roles of catecholamines and sympathetic nervous system in restraint and water immersion stress in rats. Jpn J Gastroenterol 1980;77:1345–1354 (in Japanese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ito, M., Shichijo, K. & Sekine, I. Gastric motility and ischemic changes in occurrence of linear ulcer formation induced by restraint-water immersion stress in rat. Gastroenterol Jpn 28, 367–373 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02776980
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02776980