Abstract
Chemical signals mediating interactions betweenGaleruca tanaceti and its egg parasitoidOomyzus galerucivorus (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) were studied. Neither odor of gravid females ofG. tanaceti nor volatiles of their feces were attractive to the parasitoid. However, the presence of the beetles’ feces on a substrate arrested the parasitoid and elicited frequent antennal drumming. Thus, feces may contain a kairomone important for host finding. Odors of damaged and undamaged host plants had no effect on the parasitoids.O. galerucivorus did not detect its host eggs at close range but encountered them by chance. Neither the structure nor the dark color of the egg surface play a key role in host recognition, but chemicals of the extrachorion which could be isolated by dichloromethane. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract by TLC revealed a single active fraction which induced host recognition behavior. Since the eggs ofG. tanaceti contain anthraquinones and anthrones which are active as feeding deterrents against predators, we hypothesized that reproductive success ofO. galerucivorus is due to sequestration of these protective compounds. However, GC-MS analyses revealed that there was no transfer of them from the host egg into the adult parasitoid.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arthur, A. P. (1981). Host acceptance in parasitoids. In Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L., and Lewis, W. J. (eds.),Semiochemicals. Their Role in Pest Control, Wiley, New York, pp. 97–120.
Battaglia, D., Pennachio, F., Romano, A., and Tranfaglia, A. (1995). The role of physical cues in the regulation of host recognition and acceptance behavior ofAphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).J. Insect Behav. 8: 739–762.
Bin, F., Vinson, S. B., Strand, M. R., Colazza, S., and Jones, W. A. (1993). Source of an egg kairomone forTrissolcus basalis, a parasitoid ofNezara viridula.Physiol. Entomol. 18: 7–15.
Bortz, J. (1988).Lehrbuch der Statistik für Sozialwissenschaftler, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Conti, E., Walker, A. J., Bin, F., and Vinson, S. B. (1996). Physical and chemical factors involved in host recognition behavior ofAnaphes iole Girault, an egg parasitoid ofLygus hesperus Knight (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae: Heteroptera: Miridae).Biol. Lygus hesperus Knight (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae; Heteroptera: Miridae).Biol. Contr. 7: 10–16.
Deroe, C., and Pasteels, J. M. (1982). Distribution of adult defense glands in chrysomelids (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its significance in the evolution of defense mechanisms within the family.J. Chem. Ecol. 8: 67–82.
Du, Y.-J., Poppy, M., and Powell, W. (1996). Relative importance of semiochemicals from first and second trophic levels in host foraging behavior ofAphidius ervi.J. Chem. Ecol. 22: 1591–1605.
Eisner, T., Nowicki, S., Goetz, M., and Meinwald, J. (1980). Red cochineal dye (carminic acid): Its role in nature.Science 208: 1039–1042.
Finidori-Logli, V., Bagnères, A. G., and Clément, J.-L. (1996) Role of plant volatiles in the search for a host by parasitoidDiglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).J. Chem. Ecol. 22: 541–558.
Godfray, H. C. J. (1994).Parasitoids. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Harborne, J. B. (1993).Introduction into Ecological Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York.
Hilker, M., and Köpf, A. (1995). Evaluation of the palatability of chrysomelid larvae containing anthraquinones to birds.Oecologia 100: 421–429.
Hilker, M., and Schulz, S. (1991). Anthraquinones in different developmental stages ofGaleruca tanaceti (L.) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).J. Chem. Ecol. 17: 2323–2333.
Hilker, M., Eschbach, U., and Dettner, K. (1992). Occurrence of anthraquinones in eggs and larvae of several Galerucinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).Naturwissenschaften 79: 271–274.
Howard, D. F., Phillips, D. W., Jones, T. H., and Blum, M. S. (1982). Anthraquinones and anthrones: Occurrence and defensive function in a chrysomelid beetle.Naturwissenschaften 69: 91–92.
Meiners, T., and Hilker, M. (1997). Host location inOomytus gallerucae (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an egg parasitoid of the elm leaf beetleXanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Oecologia. In press.
Messner, B. (1983). Dopa-Oxidase gehärtete Sekrete schützen das Eigelege vonGaleruca tanaceti L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).Entomol. Nachrichten u. Berichte Leipzig 27: 221–223.
Nordlund, D. A., Strand, M. R., Lewis, W. J., and Vinson, S. B. (1987). Role of kairomones from host accessory gland secretion in host recognition byTelenomus remus andTrichogramma pretiosum, with partial characterization.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 38: 109–112.
Pak, D. A., and De Jong, E. J. (1987) Behavioral variations among strains ofTrichogramma spp.: Host recognition.Neth. J. Zool. 17: 137–166.
Petitpierre, E. (1995). Presence of anthraquinones in the haemolymph ofTimarcha (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae; Chrysomelinae).Chrysomela 30: 4.
Prevett, P. F. (1953). Notes on the feeding habits and life-history ofGaleruca tanaceti L. (Col., Chrysomelidae).Entomol. Mon. Mag. 89: 292–293.
Scherf, H. (1956). Zum feineren Bau der Eigelege vonGaleruca tanaceti L. (Coleopt., Chrysom.).Zool. Anz. 157: 124–130.
Scherf, H. (1966). Beobachtungen an Ei und Gelege vonGaleruca tanaceti. L. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae).Biol. Zentralblatt 85: 7–17.
Siegel, S. (1956).Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Strand, M. R., and Vinson, S. B. (1982). Source and characterization of an egg recognition kairomone ofTelenomus heliothidis, a parasitoid ofHeliothis virescens.Physiol. Entomol. 7: 83–90.
Strand, M. R., and Vinson, S. B. (1983). Factors affecting host recognition and acceptance in the egg parasitoidTelenomus heliothidis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae).Environ. Entomol. 12: 1114–1119.
Takasu, K., and Hirose, Y. (1993). Host acceptance behavior by the host-feeding egg parasitoid,Ooencyrtus nezarae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): Host age effects.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 86: 117–121.
Tumlinson, J. H., Turlings, T. C. J., and Lewis, W. J. (1992). The semiochemical complexes that mediate insect parasitoid foraging.Agr. Zool. Rev. 5: 221–245.
Vaughn, T. T., Antolin, M. F., and Bjostad, L. B. (1996). Behavioral and physiological response ofDiaretiella rapae to semiochemicals.Entomol. Exp. Appl. 78: 187–196.
Vet, L. E. M., Van Lenteren, J. C., Heymans, M., and Meelis, E. (1983). An airflow olfactometer for measuring olfactory responses of hymenopterous parasitoids and other small insects.Physiol. Entomol. 8: 97–106.
Vet, L. E. M., Lewis, W. J., and Cardé, R. T. (1995). Parasitoid foraging and learning. In Cardé, R. T., and Bell, W. J. (eds.),Chemical Ecology of Insects 2, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 65–101.
Vinson, S. B. (1977). Behavioral chemicals in the augmentation of natural enemies. In Ridgeway, R. L., and Vinson, S. B. (eds.),Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 237–282.
Vinson, S. B. (1985). The behaviour of parasitoids. In Kerkut, G. A., and Gilbert, L. I. (eds.),Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 417–469.
Vinson, S. B., and Piper, G. L. (1986). Source and characterization of host recognition kairomones ofTetrastichus hagenowii, a parasitoid of cockroach eggs.Physiol. Entomol. 11: 459–468.
Wickremasinghe, M. G. V., and Van Emden, H. F. (1992) Reactions of adult female parasitoids, particularlyAphidius rhopalosiphi, to volatile chemical cues from the host plants of their aphid prey.Physiol. Entomol. 17: 297–304.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meiners, T., Köpf, A., Stein, C. et al. Chemical signals mediating interactions betweenGaleruca tanaceti L. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and its egg parasitoidOomyzus galerucivorus (Hedqvits) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). J Insect Behav 10, 523–539 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765375
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765375