Abstract
The effects of one acaricide (cyhexatin), two fungicides (penconazole and sulfur), and six insecticides (azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, triazamate and vamidothion) on the adult stage of the parasitoidAphelinus mali (Haldeman), a parasite of the woolly apple aphidEriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), were investigated under laboratory conditions. Chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide-OP) was found to be highly toxic to the adult wasps. Vamidothion (OP) was more toxic to the parasitoid than azinphos-methyl (OP). On the other hand, both chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were found to be harmless to the immature stages of the parasitoid in a test conducted under semi-field conditions. Of the other insecticides, imidacloprid was more toxic to the adult parasitoid than pirimicarb and triazamate. Neither cyhexatin nor penconazole had a considerable toxic effect upon the parasitoid. In contrast, sulfur was found to be moderately toxic to the parasitoid under laboratory conditions, as well as in a field survey in which we followed populations ofE. lanigerum andA. mali parasitization in sulfur-treated plots, and in a plot treated withAmpelomyces quisqualis Ces., a fungus antagonist to powdery mildew. The implications of these results to IPM programs of apple orchards in Israel are discussed
Résumé
Les effets d’un acaricide (cyhéxatin), de deux fongicides (penconazole et soufre), et de six insecticides (azynphos-méthyl, chlorpyrifos, imidaclopride, pyrimicarbe, triazamate et vamidothion) ont été testés en conditions de laboratoire sur les adultes d’Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), parasitoïde du puceron du pommierEriosoma lanigerum (Hausman). Le chlorpyrifos (organophosphoré) s’est révélé hautement toxique pour les adultes ; le vamidothion était plus toxique que l’azinphos-methyl. Par ailleurs, le chlorpyrifos et Tazinphos-methyl étaient sans danger pour les stades immatures du parasitoïde, comme Ta démontré un test effectué en conditions semi-naturelles. Parmi tous les autres insecticides, l’imidaclopride était plus toxique pour les parasitoïdes adultes que le pyrimicarbe et le triazamate. Ni le cyhéxatin ni le penconazole n’ont eu un effet important surA. mail. A l’inverse, le soufre s’est révélé modérément toxique pour le parasitoïde dans les conditions de laboratoire, ainsi que dans une étude au champ au cours de laquelle a été suivi le parasitisme des populations d’E. lanigerum et d’A mali dans des parcelles traitées au soufre, et dans une parcelle traitée avecAmpelomyces quisqualis Ces., un champignon antagoniste du mildiou. Les implications de ces résultats dans les programmes de lutte intégrée en vergers de pommier en Israël sont discutées
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Cohen, H., Horowitz, A.R., Nestel, D. et al. Susceptibility of the woolly apple aphid parasitoid,Aphelinus mali (Hym.: Aphelinidae), to common pesticides used in apple orchards in Israel. Entomophaga 41, 225–233 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764248
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764248