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Damping theory and its application to neutron scattering by anharmonic crystals

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Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)

Summary

The damping theory is developed in terms of projection operators, and an expression for the transition probability per unit time which is suitable to line-shape studies in general is obtained. This expression replaces the usual energy-conserving delta-function by a Lorentzian distribution whose width is equal to the difference of the widths of the initial and final states. Using this expression, a formula for the scattering cross-section of slow neutrons by an anharmonic crystal is derived. Expressions for the width and shift of lines corresponding to multiphonon events in general, and to a one-phonon event as a special case, are obtained, and investigated in the zero- and high-temperature limits. The results are compared to those obtained previously. It is found that the inverse of the phonon lifetime is expressible in terms of the difference of the widths of the crystal states, as obtained by Brout. The shift formula is shown to be in agreement at all temperatures with that obtained by Maradudin and Fein, and others. The width formula agrees with theirs only in the zero-temperature limit. In the high-temperature limit, the present formula predicts a quadratic temperature-dependence in contrast with the linear dependence predicted by theirs. This discrepancy is discussed in terms of the concept of phonon lifetime. The present theory predicts a larger width at finite temperatures, and therefore is expected to yield a better agreement with the large experimental widths observed by Brockhouseet al., than that reported by Maradudin and Fein.

Riassunto

Si sviluppa la teoria dello sinorzamento in funzione degli operatori di proiezione e si ottiene un’espressione per la probabilità di transizione per unità di tempo, che è adatta agli studi delia forma delia linea in generale. Questa espressione sostituisce l’usuale funzione delta che conserva l’energia con una distribuzione di Lorentz la cui ampiezza è uguale alla differenza delle ampiezze degli stati iniziale e finale. Facendo uso di questa espressione si deduce una formula per la sezione efficace di scattering dei neutroni lenti su un cristallo anarmonico. Si ottengono delle espressioni per l’ampiezza e lo spostamento delle linee corrispondenti ad eventi multifononici in generale, e ad un evento di un fonone in un caso speciale, e si studiano nei limiti delia temperatura zero e delle alte temperature. Si confrontano i risultati con quelli ottenuti in precedenza. Si trova che l’inverso delia vita media del fonone si puÒ esprimere in funzione delia differenza delle ampiezze degli stati del cristallo, ottenute da Brout. Si dimostra che la formula dello spostamento concorda’ a tutte le temperature con quella ottenuta da Maradudin e Fein, e da altri. La formula dell’ampiezza concorda con le loro solo nel limite delia temperatura zero. Ne limite delle alte temperature, la formula presentata predice una dipendenza quadratica dalla temperatura in contrasto con la dipendenza lineare predetta dalle loro. Si discute questa discrepanza sulla base del concetto della vita media del fonone. La nostra teoria predice una maggiore ampiezza a temperature finite e quindi si prevede che dia un accordo con le grandi ampiezze sperimentali osservate da Brockhouseet al. migliore di quello dato dalla formula riportata di Maradudin e Fein.

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Supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation.

This paper is based on a thesis submitted by A. Z. Akcasu in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

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Akcasu, A.Z., Osborn, R.K. Damping theory and its application to neutron scattering by anharmonic crystals. Nuovo Cim 38, 175–196 (1965). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02750447

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