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Analytic regularization and the divergences of quantum field theories

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Il Nuovo Cimento (1955-1965)

Summary

We present a method of analytic regularization with which any element of theS-matrix becomes an analytic function of a complex parameter. The usual divergences appear simply as poles at the physical value of the parameter. The subtraction of these poles leads to the usual finite parts. A simple example is discussed, in which the mathematical justification for these subtractions is given. In the consideration of this example we discuss the causal Green functions of the iterated D’Alembertian. They are constructed from the retarded and advanced solutions introduced byM. Riesz. The application to the self-energy of the electron is explicitly given. An heuristic deduction is then used to convert the problem of the evaluation of the self-energy into the problem of solving a differential equation. The self-energy integral is a formal solution of the latter equation, the finite part (with the pole subtracted) being a rigorous solution.

Riassunto

Si presenta un metodo di regolarizzazione analitica col quale ogni elemento della matriceS diviene una funzione analitica di un parametro complesso. Le divergenze usuali compaiono semplicemente come poli per valori fisici del parametro. La sottrazione di questi poli porta alle usuali parti finite. Si discute un esempio semplice, nel quale si dà la giustificazione matematica di queste sottrazioni. In base a questo esempio si discutono le funzioni di Green causali del d’Alembertiano iterato. Queste si costruiscono con le soluzioni ritardate ed anticipate introdotte daM. Riesz. Se ne fa esplicitamente l’applicazione all’autoenergia dell’elettrone. Si usa poi una deduzione euristica per convertire il problema della valutazione dell’autoenergia nel problema di risolvere un’equazione differenziale. L’integrale dell’autoenergia è una soluzione formale di quest’ultima equazione, mentre quella per parti finite (con la sottrazione del polo) è una soluzione rigorosa.

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Bollini, C.G., Giambiagi, J.J. & Domínguez, A.G. Analytic regularization and the divergences of quantum field theories. Nuovo Cim 31, 550–561 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02733756

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