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Spontaneous break-down of symmetries and new degrees of freedom

Спонтанное нарущение симметрии и новые степени свободы

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Il Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970)

Summary

Spontaneous break-down of a symmetry shows that this symmetry has operator and constantc-number aspects. The separation of these two parts gives rise to an appearance of new degrees of freedom which are relevant for large distances—for a small quantitative break-down—and become irrelevant for small distances. These probably general features will be illustrated for the case of an isospinSU 2 fermion theory. In this model the spontaneous break-down ofSU 2 leads to the appearance of hypercharge and a strongly brokenSU 2×U 1 with local octet representations and hence implies onlySU 3 multiplets with triality zero.

Riassunto

La rottura spontanea di una simmetria mostra che questa simmetria ha aspetti operatoriale e di numeroc costante. La separazione di queste due parti genera una comparsa di nuovi gradi di libertà che sono importanti a grandi distanze — per una rottura quantitativamente piccola — e diventano irrilevanti a piccole distanze. Queste proprietà, che sono probabilmente generali, sono illustrate nel caso di una teoria fermionica di isospin diSU 3. In questo modello la rottura spontanea diSU 2 porta alla comparsa di ipercarica e ad unaSU 2×U 1 fortemente rotta con rappresentazioni locali di ottetto e quindi implica solo multipletti diSU 3 con trialità nulla.

Реэюме

Спонтанное нарущение симметрии покаэывает, что зта симметрия обладает и операторными и с-числовыми аспектами. Выделение зтих двух частей приводит к появлению новых степеней свободы, которые уместны для больщих расстояний — для малых количественных нарущений — и становятся неуместными для малых расстояний. Эти, по-видимому, обшие свойства иллюстрируются для случая фермионной теории с иэоспиномSU 2. В зтой модели спон танное нарущениеSU 3 приводит к появлению гиперэаряда и к сильно нарущеннойSU 2×U 1 с локальными представлениями октета.

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Saller, H. Spontaneous break-down of symmetries and new degrees of freedom. Nuov Cim A 30, 541–566 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02730486

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02730486

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