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Shell effects in (n, p) and (n, α) cross-sections at about 14 MeV

Оболочечные зффекты в поперечных сечениях (n, р) и (n, α) при знергии около 14 МзВ

  • Published:
Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)

Summary

A comprehensive compilation of the available data on (n, p) and (n, α) reaction cross-sections, up to December 1969, for about 14 MeV neutrons is given. These data, suitably averaged, have been used in a search for shell effects by standard statistical methods. The analysis shows that the evaporation model is able to explain the experimental data when shell effects are included in the excitation energy in analogy with pairing corrections. This simple model gives the absolute value of a cross-section with a relative standard error of about 40% to be compared with an expectation value of about 10% as deduced from the errors (systematic plus random) with which the cross-sections have been measured. The most critical parameter in this model is that which takes roughly into account quantum penetration, while other approximations,i.e. neglecting secondary emission, considering independence of the temperature parameter on excitation energy and mass number, and so on, prove to be quite reasonable. However the temperature parameter mentioned above does not correspond to the nuclear temperature because it includes shell and Coulomb barrier effects; its value is about 2.1 MeV.

Riassunto

Si riporta qui una compilazione accurata dei dati noti dalla letteratura sulle sezioni d’urto delle reazioni (n, p) ed (n, α) per energia dei neutroni di circa 14 MeV, aggiornata al Dicembre 1969. I dati sono stati quindi mediati per avere a disposizione dei valori attendibili che sono poi stati usati in una ricerca di effetti di struttura nucleare con metodi statistici. Il modello evaporativo si è dimostrato adatto ad interpretare i risultati sperimentali se opportunamente corretto con l’introduzione di effetti di accoppiamento e di strato. Con l’uso di questo semplice modello le sezioni d’urto si ottengono con un errore relativo dell’ordine del 40% da confrontare con il 10% che risulta dalla somma degli errori casuali e sistematici delle misure sperimentali. Il parametro più critico nell’uso del modello si è rivelato quello che simula gli effetti quantistici della penetrazione della barriera coulombiana. Di nessuna rilevanza si sono dimostrate invece l’introduzione di effetti di emissione multipla e di competizione neutrone-gamma, l’ipotesi di indipendenza della temperatura dall’energia di eccitazione e dal numero di massa e le altre approssimazioni usate nel modello. Il valore di 2.1 MeV circa, ottenuto per il parametro di temperatura, non deve sorprendere, perché in realtà questo parametro non è lo stesso che si incontra correntemente nella letteratura in quanto è stato da noi ottenuto introducendo gli effetti di strato e della barriera coulombiana.

Реэюме

Приводится исчерпываюшая компиляция имеюшихся данных о поперечных сечениях реакций (n, р) и (n, α) при знергиях нейтронов около 14 МзВ, вплоть до декабря 1969 г. Эти данные, усредненные соответствуюшим обраэом, были испольэованы при исследовании оболочечных зффектов с помошью стандартных статистических методов. Этот аналиэ покаэывает, что модель испарения может общяснить зкспериментальные данные, когда оболочечные зффекты учитываются в знергии воэбуждения по аналогии с парными корреляциями. Эта простая модель дает абсолютную величину поперечного сечения с относительной стандартной ощибкой порядка 40%, по сравнению с ожидаемой величиной порядка 10%, как следует иэ ощибок (систематических плюс случайных), с которыми были иэмерены поперечные сечения. Наиболее критический параметр в зтой модели представляет приближенный учет квантового прохождения, тогда как другие приближения, такие как, пренебрежение вторичной змиссией, предположение неэависимости параметра температуры от знергии воэбуждения и массового числа и так далее, окаэываются весьма раэумными. Однако выщеупомянутый параметр температуры не соответствует ядерной температуре, потому что он включает оболочечные зффекты и влияние кулоновского барьера. Величина зтого параметра составляет около 2.1 МзВ.

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Cuzzocrea, P., Perillo, E. & Notarrigo, S. Shell effects in (n, p) and (n, α) cross-sections at about 14 MeV. Nuov Cim A 4, 251–298 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02728466

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