Summary
In epidemiological studies of byssinosis, comparisons of the effects of different vegetable dusts on lung function indicate that hemp and flax are the most potent, followed by cotton, jute, and sisal. Comparison of the preshift lung function data in hemp, flax, and cotton workers with expected normal values demonstrated a considerably decreased one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) and an increased residual volume (RV), while the average values of diffusing capacity (DLCO) and total lung capacity (TLC) differed less than 10% from the predicted values. - In an experimental study with hemp dust extract in healthy volunteers, prechallenge administration of an antihistamine drug and of ascorbic acid significantly diminished acute reductions in flow rates on partial expiratory flow volume (PEFV) curves. In textile workers, propranolol significantly increased acute reductions in flow rates on maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curves, indicating that the autonomic nervous system is important in determining the lung’s response to textile dust inhalation. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) proved to have more protective effect in those with larger (>20%) acute reductions in flow rates than in those with smaller reductions.
Zusammenfassung
Vergleiche in epidemiologischen Studien über Byssinose, über Auswirkungen verschiedener vegetabilischer Staube auf die Lungenfunktion ergeben, daß Hanf und Flachs am aggressivsten sind, danach Baumwolle, Jute und Sisal. Vergleiche zwischen effektiven Lungenfunktionswerten bei Hanf-, Flachs- und Baumwollarbeitern und Sollwerten zeigten ein deutlich niedrigeres forciertes Exspirationsvolumen für 1 sec (FEV1.0) und ein höheres Residualvolumen (RV), während sich die Durchschnittswerte der Diffusionskapazität (DLCO) und der totalen Kapazität (TLC) weniger als 1% von den Sollwerten unterschieden.
In einer experimentellen Studie mit Hanfstaubextrakten bei gesunden Freiwilligen haben vorher verabfolgte Antihistaminika und Ascorbinsäure die akute Reduktion maximaler Flows in PEFV Kurven deutlich verringert. Bei Textilarbeitern bewirkte Propranolol deutlich verminderte maximale Flows in MEFV Kurven. Dies weist auf die Bedeutung des autonomen Nervensystems bei der Bestimmung der Lungenreaktion bei Textilstaub-Inhalation hin. Intal (DSCG) zeigte eine bessere Schutzwirkung in Fällen mit höheren (>20%) akuten Reduktionen der maximalen Flows als in jenen mit niedrigeren Reduktionen.
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Zuskin, E., Valic, F. & Bouhuys, A. Byssinosis and airway responses due to exposure to textile dust. Lung 154, 17–24 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713515
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713515