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Asset market approaches to exchange rate determination: A comparative analysis

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Summary

To this point, we have focused on the assumptions needed to derive the various theoretical models from our illustrative model. All the models, whether monetary or portfolio balance in nature, tend to use similar speed of adjustment and specialization assumptions to simplify the analysis. For instance, both approaches have models that assume that goods markets adjust slowly relative to asset markets, so that goods prices are fixed in the short run (i.e., Henderson, Isard, Branson, Dornbusch, Frankel), and both approaches also have models that assume that goods markets clear in the short run via flexible prices (i.e., Kouri, Bilson, Frenkel). As we have seen, the crucial assumptions separating the monetary and portfolio balance approaches concern the degree of substitutability between domestic and foreign bonds: the monetary approach assumes perfect substitutability, while the portfolio balance approach assumes imperfect substitutability. These substitutability assumptions specify whether or not more than money market equilibrium is necessary for determining the short-run exchange rate. In Sections III and IV, we assess the validity of the various assumptions by empirically evaluating two models representative of the two approaches.

Zusammenfassung

VermögensansÄtze zur ErklÄrung der Wechselkurse: Eine vergleichende Analyse. — Diese Studie vergleicht die zwei wesentlichen Varianten des Vermögensansatzes zur ErklÄrung der Wechselkurse: den monetÄren Ansatz und den Ansatz des Portfoliogleichgewichts. Die verschiedenen Finanzmarktmodelle in der Literatur enthalten Annahmen über die Substituierbarkeit unter den Aktiva, die Anpassungsgeschwindigkeit der MÄrkte, die Spezialisierung bei finanziellen Transaktionen und die Grö\e eines Landes und haben daher vieles gemeinsam. Wenn auch viele Annahmen beider AnsÄtze gleich sind, so unterscheiden sie sich doch grundlegend in den Annahmen über die Substituierbarkeit von in- und auslÄndischen festverzinslichen Wertpapieren und die Rolle des Vermögens in den Nachfragefunktionen für Finanzanlagen. Aufgrund der empirischen Ergebnisse kann keinem der beiden AnsÄtze eindeutig der Vorzug gegeben werden. Die Simulationen weisen darauf hin, da\ der Ansatz des Portfoliogleichgewichts eine genauere Vorhersage des Niveaus und der VerÄnderungsrate des Wechselkurses erlaubt, doch lassen die Ergebnisse des Monte-Carlo-Modells erkennen, da\ die Unterschiede statistisch nicht signifikant sind.

Résumé

La théorie des marchés d’actifs financiers à la détermination du taux de change: Une analyse comparative. — La présente étude compare les deux principales variantes de l’application de la théorie des marchés d’actifs financiers à la détermination du taux de change: l’approche monétaire et l’approche par l’équilibre du portefeuille. A partir d’hypothèses relatives aux possibilités de substitution entre actifs, à la rapidité de l’ajustement des marchés, à la spécialisation des transactions financières et aux dimensions de l’économie considérée, les divers modèles de marchés financiers présentés dans les ouvrages économiques procèdent tous du mÊme cadre d’analyse des taux de change. Si les deux approches ont en commun de nombreuses hypothèses, leurs différences portent avant tout sur les hypothèses relatives aux possibilités de substitution entre obligations intérieures et obligations étrangères et au rÔle de la richesse dans les fonctions de demande d’actifs. Les résultats empiriques obtenus par les auteurs ne confirment pas indiscutablement la validité de l’une ou de l’autre approche. Les simulations qu’ils ont effectuées montrent que l’approche par l’équilibre du portefeuille donne une prévision plus correcte du niveau et du rythme de variation du taux de change, mais les résultats obtenus au moyen de la méthode de Monte Carlo semblent indiquer que les différences entre les deux approches ne sont pas statistiquement significatives.

Resumen

Determinatión del tipo de cambio basada en el studio del mercado de activos: Un análisis comparativo. — En este trabajo se comparan las dos principales variantes del método basado en el mercado de activos que se aplica para determinar el tipo de cambio: el método monetario y el método del saldo de cartera. Adoptando supuestos respecto a la posibilidad de sustitución, velocidad del ajuste, especialización y dimensiónen del país, todos los modelos de mercado financiero que figuran en la literatura se derivan de un marco comÚn para el análisis del tipo de cambio. Si bien muchos de los supuestos que se adoptan en los métodos monetario y del saldo de cartera son parecidos, las principales distinciones se refieren a los supuestos relativos a la posibilidad de sustitución entre los bonos internos y los bonos exteriores, así como al papel de la riqueza en las funciones de demanda de activos. Los resultados empíricos obtenidos no favorecen claramente a uno u otro método. Nuestras simulaciones indican que el método del saldo de cartera permite prever con mayor exactitud el nivel y la tasa de variación del tipo de cambio, pero nuestros resultados Monte Carlo parecen indicar que las diferencias no son significativas a efectos estadísticos.

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Murphy, R.G., Van Duyne, C. Asset market approaches to exchange rate determination: A comparative analysis. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 116, 627–656 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696541

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