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Mutation measurement in mammalian cells IV: Comparison of γ-ray and chemical mutagenesis

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Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics

Abstract

The interaction of chemical mutagens with mammalian cells is much more complex than that of γ-irradiation because of the different ways in which chemical agents react with cell and medium components. Nevertheless, the system previously described for analysis of mutagenesis by γ-radiation appears applicable to chemical mutagenesis. The approach involves measurement of cell survival, use of caffeine to inhibit repair, analysis of mitotic index changes, and quantitation of microscopically visible structural changes in mitotic chromosomes. The behavior of a variety of chemical mutagens and nonmutagens in this system is described and compared with that of γ-irradiation. The procedure is simple and the results reasonably quantative though less so than those of γ-irradiation. The procedure can be used for environmental monitoring, analysis of mutational events, and individual and epidemiological testing. Mutational events should be classified as primary or secondary depending on whether they represent initial genomic insult, or genomic changes resulting from primary mutation followed by structural changes due to metabolic actions. While caffeine has multiple effects on the mammalian genome, when used under the conditions specified here it appears to act principally as an inhibitor of mutation repair, and so affords a measure of the role of repair in the action of different mutagens on cells in the G2 phase of the life cycle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, 1899 Gaylord Street, 80206, Denver, Colorado

    Theodore T. Puck

  2. Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80262, Denver, Colorado

    Robert Johnson

  3. Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland

    Patricia Webb & George Yohrling

Authors
  1. Theodore T. Puck
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  2. Robert Johnson
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  3. Patricia Webb
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  4. George Yohrling
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Puck, T.T., Johnson, R., Webb, P. et al. Mutation measurement in mammalian cells IV: Comparison of γ-ray and chemical mutagenesis. Somat Cell Mol Genet 24, 1–11 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677491

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677491

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