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Reduction of lead minerals by CO/CO2 gas mixtures: Application of the grain model

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Abstract

The grain model is shown to describe satisfactorily the reduction of lead oxide and lead calcium silicate pellets by CO/CO2 gas mixtures. The reduction of lead calcium silicate, the principal lead bearing phase in the feed material to a commercial blast furnace, is initiated at about 750 °C. The activation energy is 161 kJ mol−1. These values are much higher than values for the reduction of lead oxide. The lack of chemical reaction in the upper reaches of the commercial lead blast furnace is attributed to the low reactivity of the feed material. This is a consequence of the low porosity, large particle size of the feed material, and the presence of lead in the form of complex silicates.

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Abbreviations

b :

stoichiometric coefficient, Eq. [1]

c 1 ,c 2 :

constants, Eqs. [4] and [5]c tO 1

c o co . c o s :

concentration of carbon monoxide in bulk gas and of unreacted solid

D :

diffusion coefficient

D e :

effective diffusivity

D m :

molecular diffusivity

D k :

Knudsen diffusivity

F p ,F 8 :

pellet and grain shape factor

k :

reaction rate constant

k p :

rate constant related to porosity, Eq. [13]

M :

molecular mass

N th :

Thiele parameter, Eq. [12]

r :

grain radius

R p :

pellet radius or half thickness

R s :

overall rate of reaction per unit surface area, Eq. [11]

S :

surface area

S v :

area per unit volume

t :

time

t*:

dimensionless time = bkSvc ∘CO /Fgc os t

T :

absolute temperature

T m :

fusion temperature

Δw :

weight lossX conversion

ε :

porosity

ε 0 :

initial porosity

σ :

reaction rate modulus, Eq. [2]

τ :

tortuosity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Mansoor M. Hussain (Graduate Student) & David R. Morris (Professor)

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  1. Mansoor M. Hussain
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  2. David R. Morris
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Hussain, M.M., Morris, D.R. Reduction of lead minerals by CO/CO2 gas mixtures: Application of the grain model. Metall Trans B 17, 575–586 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670225

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