Summary
At the apex of the protonema ofDryopteris varia, a club-shaped papilla is differentiated after the protonema was segmented into six or seven cells in the normal development. If the sporeling is reared in medium containing IAA, formation of the apical papilla is much accelerated to take place at two- or three-cell stage when the concentration of IAA is 1 to 0.01 ppm. But if it is reared in a medium of a higher concentration of IAA, 10 to 100 ppm, the same apex differentiates a rhizoid. That is to say, it depends upon quantitative relations of auxin as to whether the apex of protonema forms a papilla or a rhizoid.
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Literature
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Nakazawa, S. Morphogenesis of the fern protonema. Protoplasma 52, 1–4 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665680
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665680