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Auxin, Chief Architect of the Shoot Apex

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Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development

Abstract

Plants have a unique capacity for continuous postembryonic development linked to the existence of permanent stem cell niches, located in specialized tissues called meristems. The activity of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is located at the tip of stems and branches, allows for the continuous production of all aerial organs that will develop as lateral shoots, leaves, or flowers. As it defines the number, type, and position of lateral primordia, the SAM is at the basis of plant architecture and its activity can be modulated by both internal and environmental cues. Successive initiations of new organ primordia occur in the meristem following very precise spatiotemporal patterns, called phyllotaxis. The maintenance of the meristem over time is thus expected to require precise spatiotemporal control of cell fate to allow for the continuous emergence of new primordia at precise positions and the maintenance of the stem cell niche. Signaling initiated by the plant hormone auxin plays a central role in the control of cell identities during organogenesis and in the dynamics of phyllotaxis. We first describe the structure and function of the SAM, focusing on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. We then discuss the central role played by auxin in the coordination of cellular behaviors and cell identities in the SAM, and thus in providing the primary instructions for phyllotaxis and for elaborating the shoot architecture. Finally, we illustrate how the gene network downstream of auxin and mechanical properties of tissues participate in controlling morphogenesis and phyllotaxis dynamics.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Olivier Hamant for critical reading of the manuscript and Geraldine Brunoud for providing pictures. The work in the authors’ laboratory is supported by ANR and HFSP grants.

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  1. Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France

    Benoît Landrein & Teva Vernoux

  2. Laboratoire Joliot-Curie, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’Italie, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France

    Benoît Landrein

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  1. Benoît Landrein
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  2. Teva Vernoux
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Correspondence to Teva Vernoux .

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  1. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Eva Zažímalová

  2. Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Prague 6, Czech Republic

    Jan Petrášek

  3. Hormonal Cross-talk Group, Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria

    Eva Benková

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Landrein, B., Vernoux, T. (2014). Auxin, Chief Architect of the Shoot Apex. In: Zažímalová, E., Petrášek, J., Benková, E. (eds) Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1526-8_10

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