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Rate of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron-carbon and iron-chromium alloys with argon

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Abstract

The rate of nitrogen desorption from inductively stirred liquid iron, iron-carbon, and iron-chromium alloys with argon carrier gas has been measured by the sampling method for a wide range of nitrogen, carbon, and chromium contents mainly at 1600 °C. The results obtained by the present work and other data of previous investigators are used to clarify the reaction mechanism of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron. The rate of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron and iron alloys is second order with respect to nitrogen content in the metal under the present condition, and mutual relationships among interfacial chemical reaction, liquid-phase mass transfer, and gas-phase mass transfer are elucidated. The effects of oxygen and sulfur on the rate of nitrogen desorption are given byk ' c ’ = 3.15ƒN 2 [1/(1 + 300a0 + 130as)]. Carbon dissolved in iron increases the rate of nitrogen desorption, and chromium decreases it. The effects of these alloying elements can be explained by the change of the nitrogen activity in the metal.

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Abbreviations

k′ a :

apparent second order rate constant (cm/s pct)

k c :

apparent chemical reaction rate constant (cm4/s mol-N)

k′ c :

apparent chemical reaction rate constant (cm/s pct)

k m :

overall rate constant for nitrogen desorption defined by Eq. [9] (cm4/s mol-N)

kc o :

rate constant for the chemical reaction in pure liquid iron (cm/s pct)

kc ′(Fe-X):

rate constant for the chemical reaction in the liquid Fe-C or Fe-Cr alloy (cm/s pct)

k g :

mass transfer coefficient in the gas phase (cm/s)

k l :

mass transfer coefficient in the liquid phase (cm/s)

r :

reaction rate (mol-N/cm2 s)

r N 2 :

overall rate of nitrogen desorption or absorption (mol-N2/cm2 s)

pct N:

nitrogen content in the metal (wt pct)

C :

nitrogen content in the metal (mol-N/cm3)

A :

interfacial area between gas and metal (cm2)

V :

volume of liquid metal (cm3)

t :

reaction time (s)

p :

density of liquid metal (g/cm3)

a i :

activity ofi species in the liquid metal

f i :

activity coefficient ofi species in the liquid metal

θ i :

fractional surface coverage byi species

K :

equilibrium constant of Eq. [1]

K i :

adsorption coefficient ofi species

P :

total pressure (atm)

P N 2 :

partial pressure of nitrogen (atm)

R:

gas constant

T :

temperature (K)

V g :

flowrate of gas (1/min)

Sh:

Sherwood number (= kgd/D)

Re:

Reynolds number (= duρg/μ)

Sc:

Schmidt number (= μ/ρgD)

r s :

radius of the gas-metal interface (cm)

d :

diameter of the gas inlet nozzle (cm)

D :

interdiffusion coefficient of N2-Ar (cm2/s)

u :

gas velocity at the tip of the gas inlet nozzle (cm/s)

ρg:

density of gas (g/cm3)

μ:

viscosity of gas (g/s cm)

σ0 :

surface tension of pure liquid iron (dyne/cm)

σ:

surface tension of the liquid iron alloy (dyne/cm)

oΓi :

excess surface coverage of speciesi (mol/cm2)

b :

denotes the bulk liquid

s :

denotes the gas-metal interface

0:

denotes the initial value att = 0

l :

denotes mass transfer in the liquid phase

c :

denotes chemical reaction at the gas-metal interface

g :

denotes mass transfer in the gas phase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aza-Aoba, Sendai 980, Aramaki, Japan

    S. Ban-Ya (Professor), F. Ishii (Research Associate), Y. Iguchi (Professor) & T. Nagasaka (Research Associate)

Authors
  1. S. Ban-Ya
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  2. F. Ishii
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  3. Y. Iguchi
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  4. T. Nagasaka
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Additional information

This paper is based on a presentation made at the G. R. Fitterer Symposium on Nitrogen in Metals and Alloys held at the 114th annual AIME meeting in New York, February 24–28, 1985, under the auspices of the ASM-MSD Thermodynamic Activity Committee.

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Ban-Ya, S., Ishii, F., Iguchi, Y. et al. Rate of nitrogen desorption from liquid iron-carbon and iron-chromium alloys with argon. Metall Trans B 19, 233–242 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654207

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