References
Bender, Lauretta: Childhood schizophrenia. Psychiat. quart. 27: 1–19, 1953.
——: A Dynamic Psychopathology of Childhood. Springfield, Ill. Charles C. Thomas, 1954.
——: A Visual Motor Gestalt Test and Its Clinical Use. Res. Monog. 3, Am. Orthopsychiat. Assoc. New York, 1938.
——: Some epidemiological factors in childhood schizophrenia. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 26: 131–145, 1956.
——: Graphic art as a special ability in children with a reading disability. J. Clin. & Exper. Psychopath. 12: 147–156, 1951.
——: An observation nursery. Am. J. Psychiat. 97: 1158–1172, 1941.
Blanchard, Phyllis: Psychoanalytic contributions to the problem of reading disabilities. Psychoanal. Stud. Child. 2: 163–188, 1947.
Blau, A.: the Master Hand. Res. Monog. 5, American Orthopsychiatric Association. New York, 1949.
Fabian, A. A.: Clinical and experimental studies of school children who are retarded in reading. Quart. J. Child Behav. 3: 15–37, 1951.
——: Vertical rotation in visual motor performance—Its relationship to reading reversals. J. Educ. Psychol. 36: 129, 1945.
——: Clinical and experimental studies in school children who are retarded in reading. Quart. J. Child Behav. 3: 15–37, 1951.
Freud, Sigmund: On Aphasia. A Critical Study, tr. by E. Stengel. New York, International University Press, 1953, pp. 38, 42, and 87.
Gesell, Arnold: Biographies of Child Development, New York, Harper, 1939.
——: Embryology of Behavior. New York, Harper, 1945.
——: Developmental Diagnosis, ed. 2. New York, Hoeber, 1947.
——: The Child from Five to Ten. New York, Harper, 1946.
——, ——: Vision, Its Development in Infant and Child. New York, Hoeber, 1949.
Goldberg, Ilsa: Use of remedial reading tutoring as a method of psychotherapy for schizophrenic children with reading disabilities. Quart. J. Child Behav. 4: 273–280, 1952.
Hallgren, B.: Specific Dyslexia. A Clinical and Genetic Study. Acta Psychiat. et. Neurol. Suppl. 65. Copenhagen, 1950.
Hill, D.: Electroencephalography in Psychiatry. London, Macdonald, 1950.
de Hirsch, Katrina: Gestalt psychology as applied to language disturbances. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 120: 257–261, 1954.
Humphrey, M. E., andZangwill, O. L.: Dysphasia in left-handed patients with unilateral brain lesions. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. & Psychiat. 15: 184–193, 1952.
Kallmann, Franz J., andRoth, Bernard: Genetic aspects of preadolescent schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiat. 112: 599–606, 1956.
Kennard, M. A., Rabinovitch, R. D., andWexler, D.: The abnormal electroencephalogram as related to reading disability in children. Canad. M. A. J. 67: 330, 1952.
——: Significance of paroxysmal patterns in electroencephalograms of children without clinical epilepsy. Res. Nerv. & Men. Disease. Proc. 26: 308, 1947.
Klingman, O.: Discussion In Neurology and Psychiatry in Childhood. Res. Nerv. & Men. Dis. 34: 390, 1956.
McFie, J.: Cerebral dominance in cases of reading disability. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. & Psychiat. Brit. Med. Assoc. 15: 1952.
Orton, Samuel T.: Reading, Writing and Speech Problems in Children. New York, Norton, 1937.
——: Specific reading disability—Strephosymbolia. J.A.M.A. 90: 1095, 1928.
——: Word blindness in school children. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 14: 581–615, 1925.
Oseretsky, N.: Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, ed. by E. A. Doll. Minneapolis, Educational Test Bureau, 1946.
Rabinovitch, R. D., et al: A research approach to reading retardation. In Neurology and Psychiatry of Childhood. Res. Neurol. & Mental Dis. 34: 363–399, 1956.
Rife, D. C.: Hand prints and handedness. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 7: 170–179, 1955.
Rosen, Victor H.: Strephosymbolia. An introsystemic disturbance of the synthetic function of the ego. Psychoanal. Stud. Child 10: 83–99, 1955.
Schilder, Paul: Congenital alexia and its relation to optic perception. J. Genet. Psychol. 65: 67–88, 1944.
——: Image and Appearance of the Human Body. New York, International Universities Press, 1950.
--: Mind. Perception and Thought in Their Constructive Aspects. Columbia University Press, 1942, pp. 54 and 376.
——: The psychology of the development of language and the symbol. In Lauretta Bender, Ed., A Dynamic Psychopathology of Childhood. Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, 1954, pp. 3–15.
Seldowitz, Morton, andBerman, Abraham B.: Crossed laterality in children. Am. J. Dis. Child. 85: 20–33, 1953.
Silver, A.: Report. Orton Bull. 1: 3, 1951.
Taterka, J. H., andKatz, Joseph: Study of correlation between electroencephalogram in emotionally disturbed children. Psychosom. Med. 17: 62–72, 1955.
Teicher, Joseph D.: Preliminary survey of motility in children. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 94: 277–304, 1941.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Reprinted from PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF COMMUNICATION, Chap. 11, pp. 155–176, published by Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1958, with permission. A talk given by Dr. Bender on this subject to the Orton Society was reviewed in the BULLETIN OF THE ORTON SOCIETY, Vol. VII, 1957, pp. 9–18.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bender, L. Specific reading disability as a maturational lag. Bulletin of the Orton Society 13, 25–44 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653606
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653606