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A discussion on the formation of bainite and other precipitates in Cu-Zn and Ag-Zn alloys

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Abstract

Various transformation products appearing in Cu-Zn and Ag-Zn alloys upon aging at temperatures in the α + β and single α-phase range were examined by optical and electron microscopy. Upon aging at relatively low temperature, bainite plates with the 9R structure are first formed and then retransformed to face-centered cubic (fcc). At higher temperature, other transformation products with the fcc structure, such as rod-shaped α and massive α, are concurrently observed with the bainite. Measurements of solute concentration in bainite were performed by using analytical electron microscopy. Bainite plates were found to have lower solute concentration than that of stable α, not only in Cu-Zn but also in Ag-Zn alloys. These results were discussed in terms of the free-energy change in the transformation. The first appearance of the 9R bainite in place of the stable fcc phase in low-temperature aging should be attributed to the “shear” process which lowers the nonchemical energy and diminishes the necessary driving force for the transformation. The measured solute concentration of the bainite is well reproduced theoretically on the view that the bainite is a product of shear transformation combined with the concentration change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, 060, Sapporo, Japan

    K. Takezawa (Research Associate), S. Maruyama (Professor) & K. Marukawa (Professor)

  2. Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, 192, Hachioji, Japan

    S. Sato (Professor Emeritus)

Authors
  1. K. Takezawa
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  2. S. Maruyama
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  3. K. Marukawa
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  4. S. Sato
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Additional information

Formerly Graduate Student, Hokkaido University

This article is based on a presentation made at the Pacific Rim Conference on the “Roles of Shear and Diffusion in the Formation of Plate-Shaped Transformation Products,” held December 18-22, 1992, in Kona, Hawaii, under the auspices of ASM International’s Phase Transformations Committee.

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Takezawa, K., Maruyama, S., Marukawa, K. et al. A discussion on the formation of bainite and other precipitates in Cu-Zn and Ag-Zn alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 25, 2621–2629 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649215

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