Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plasma spray forming: An alternate route for manufacturing free-standing components

  • Reviewed Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study uses plasma spray technology as a production process for the fabrication of free- stand-ing, near- net- shaped NiAl components. Attention is especially focused on the in situ synthesis of NiAl. A new internal, dual powder injector blade has been designed to improve the gun performance as well as the spray efficiency of the feedstock powder. The specific role of the substrate (i.e., its shape and material) for the successful spray forming of free- standing parts is studied. The as- sprayed parts were subjected to a post- heat- treatment and hot isostatic pressing. Subsequently, they were metallographically inspected. The mechanical properties, such as hardness, Young’s moduli, and the fracture behavior during four-point bending, are also examined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Darolia, NiAl Alloys for High-Temperature Structural Applications,J. Met., Vol 43 (No. 3), 1991, p 44–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. G. Sauthoff, Intermetallic Phases as High Temperature Materials,Z. Metallkunde, Bd. 77, H. 10,1986, p 654-666

  3. G. Sauthoff, Intermetallic Phases—Materials Development and Prospect,Z. Metallkunde, Bd. 80, H. 5,1989, p 337-344

  4. S. Dallaire, Plasma Spray Forming of Coatings and Parts,CIM Bulletin, Vol 80 (No. 900), 1987, p 37–42

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Herman, Plasma-Sprayed Coatings,Sci. Am., Vol 9,1988, p 78–83

    Google Scholar 

  6. A. Geibel, P. Verstreken, L. Froyen, O. van der Biest, L. Delaey, M. Poorteman, P. Barbary, and F. Cambier, Plasma Processing of Ceramic and Metallic Materials,Atb Metallurgie, 1990, p 111 -119

  7. M.I. Boulos,International Summer School on Plasma Chemistry, P. Fauchais, Ed., Italy, Sept 1989

  8. A. Guinier,Théorie et Technique de la Radiocristallographie, 2nd en., Dunod, Paris, 1956, p 396

    Google Scholar 

  9. R.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley, 1967, p 363-375

  10. R.D. Noebe, R.R. Bowman, and M. V. Nathal, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the B2 Compound NiAl,Int. Mat. Rev.1, Vol 38 (No. 4), 1993, p 193–232

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. E. Macherauch,Praktikum in Werkstoffkunde, Auflage, Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1989, p 224–228

    Google Scholar 

  12. Metals—Mechanical Testing: Elevated and Low Temperature Tests,Annual Handbook of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01, Section 3, E 855, ASTM, 1984, p 788-803

  13. O. Knotek, E. Lugscheider, and K.-H. Cremer, Alumina and Aluminide Formation in Nickel-Aluminum Spraying Powders, Paper 60,Proc. Ninth Int. Spray Conference, 1980, p 281-286

  14. G.J. Ackland and V. Vitek, Effect of Ordering Energy on Grain Boundary Structure in L12 Alloys,High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys III, C.T. Liu et al., Ed., MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 133, MRS, 1989, p 105–111

  15. R. McPherson, A Model for the Thermal Conductivity of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coatings,Thin Solid Films, Vol 112,1984, p 89–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. R.K. Williams, R.S. Graves, F.J. Weavers and D.L. McElroy, Physical Properties of Ni3Al Containing 24 and 25 Atomic Percent Aluminium,High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys, C.C. Koch et al., Ed., MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 39, MRS, 1985, p 505–511

  17. W.S. Walston and R. Darolia, Effects of Alloying on Physical Properties of NiAl,High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys V, I. Baker et al., Ed., MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 288, MRS, 1993, p 237–242

  18. H. Jacobi, Die Optischen Eigenschaften der Beta-Phase NiAl,Z Metallkunde, Vol 60,1969, p 106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K.-H. Cremer, Zur Reaktionskinetik von Nickel-Aluminium- Flammspritzpulvern, doctoral thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany, 1979

  20. S. Sampath, G.A. Bancke, H. Herman, and R. Rangaswamy, Plasma Sprayed Ni-Al Coatings,Surf. Eng., Vol 5 (No. 4), 1989, p 293–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. V. Kuznetsov, Aluminium-Nickel-Oxygen,Ternary Alloys: A Comprehensive Compendium of Evaluated Constitutional Data, Vol 7, G. Petzow and G. Effenberg, Ed., VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, BRD, 1993, p 434

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Taylor and N.J. Doyle, Further Studies on the Nickel-Aluminum System, Part I: The β-NiAl and δ-Ni2Al3 Phase Field,J. Appl. Cryst., No. 5,1972, p 201–209

  23. I. Baker and P.R. Munroe, Properties of B2 Compounds,High Temperature Aluminides and Intermetallics, S.H. Whang et al., Ed., The Mineral, Metal & Materials Society, 1990, p 425-452

  24. R. Hutchings, M.H. Loretto, and R.E. Smallman, Oxidation of Inter- metallic Compounds NiAl,Metal Sci., Vol 1,1981, p 7–13

    Google Scholar 

  25. M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, and P. Fauchais, Spray Parameter and Particle Behavior Relationships during Plasma Spraying,J. Therm. Spray Technol., Vol 2 (No. 1), 1993, p 79–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. R.W. Smith and D. Apelian, Melting Phenomena of Several Nickel Based Alloys in a Plasma Jet Operating at Low Pressure, MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 98,1987, p 89–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R.W. Smith, Particle Melting Behavior in a D.C. Plasma Jet: Observations on Several Nickel Based Alloys,Thermal Spray Technology— New Ideas and Processes, ASM International, 1988, p 123–128

  28. R. Bohn, T. Haubold, R. Birringer, and H. Gleiter, Nanocrystalline hi- termetallic Compounds—An Approach to Ductility?Scripta Metall., Vol 25 (No. 4), 1991, p 811–816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. X.R. Qian and Y.T. Chou, The Effect of Boron on Microhardness in Ni3Al Polycrystals,High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys III, C.T. Liu et al., Ed. MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 133, MRS, 1989, p 529–536

  30. E.M. Schulson and D.R. Barker, A Brittle to Ductile Transition in NiAl of a Critical Grain Size,Scripta Metall, Vol 17,1983, p 519–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. N.S. Stoloff, Ordered Alloys for High Temperature Applications,High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys, C.C. Koch et al.. Ed., MRS Symposium Proceedings, Vol 39, MRS, 1985, p 3–27

  32. K. Murakami, T. Okamoto, and Y, Miyamoto, Rapid Solidification and Self-Annealing of Fe-C-Si Alloys by Low Pressure Plasma Spraying,Mat. Sci. Eng., Vol A117,1989, p 207–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. R.H. Unger, Comparison of Thermal Spray Bond Coats,Proc. Nat. Therm. Spray Conf., D.L. Houck, Ed., Orlando, FL, 1987, p 365–370

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, de Croylaan 2, B-3001, Hever-lee, Belgium

    A. Geibel, L. Froyen, L. Delaey & K. U. Leuven

Authors
  1. A. Geibel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. Froyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. Delaey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. U. Leuven
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Geibel, A., Froyen, L., Delaey, L. et al. Plasma spray forming: An alternate route for manufacturing free-standing components. JTST 5, 419–430 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645272

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02645272

Keywords

Search

Navigation