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Mechanical properties of hafnium single crystals

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Abstract

A study has been made of the deformation of hafnium single crystals (containing ≲ 2 pct Zr) in the temperature range from 77 to 473 K. Slip occurred entirely on prismatic planes at all test temperatures. A three-stage hardening behavior was observed at 77 K. The critical resolved shear stress in tension and compression was almost identical for as-grown and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) annealed crystals and was found to increase with decreasing temperature. The yield stress was higher for crystals containing a higher concentration of impurities and was increased by doping crystals with nitrogen. Deformation twins were observed in specimens deformed both in tension and compression. Dislocation configurations were examined by transmission electron microscopy of foils of crystals deformed by various amounts. In stage I the dislocations were found to be predominantly edge in character, with edge dipoles and dislocation loops being present. Stage II was characterized by cell formation and increased dislocation density. The Cottrell-Stokes law for reversible flow stress was not obeyed by hafnium single crystals. The thermal activation analysis suggested that the rate-controlling mechanism during deformation at low strains is associated with the overcoming of strain-fields around impurity atoms. However, contributions from dislocation intersections become increasingly important at higher strains.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, Ohio

    Gopal Das (Postdoctoral Research Associate) & T. E. Mitchell (Associate Professor)

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  1. Gopal Das
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  2. T. E. Mitchell
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This paper is based upon a thesis submitted by GOPAL DAS in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosopy at Case Western Reserve University.

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Das, G., Mitchell, T.E. Mechanical properties of hafnium single crystals. Metall Trans 4, 1405–1413 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644539

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644539

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